| For medical practitioners and the general public - Cholesterol Journal Article Catalog. |
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| Changes in adiposity and excess body weight correlate with growth responses but not with decreases in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels during GH treatment in GH-deficient children Kuromaru, R., H. Kohno, et al. (2002), Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 56(6): 799-803. Abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: GH has profound effects on body composition and lipid metabolism in children as well as in adults. The relationship between such metabolic effects and the growth-promoting effects of GH has not been studied thoroughly in children with GH deficiency. This prospective study was designed to determine the relationship between growth and lipid metabolism during long-term GH treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-two boys with idiopathic GH deficiency were studied. Height, per cent overweight (%OW), per cent body fat (%BF) and serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels were determined every 6 months during 3 years of GH treatment. RESULTS: After 3 years of GH treatment, the mean height SD score had increased significantly from -2.70 SD to -1.59 SD (P < 0.0001), while the mean %OW and LDL cholesterol level had decreased significantly from 7.0% to 1.3% (P < 0.0001) and from 2.69 mmol/l to 2.04 mmol/l (P < 0.0001), respectively. The mean %BF fell significantly from 15.5% to 11.1% during the first 6 months of GH treatment (P < 0.0001). The 6-month reduction in %BF correlated significantly with the 3-year increase in height SD score (r = -0.58, P = 0.008). The decrease in %OW also correlated negatively with the change in height SD score (r = -0.48, P = 0.03). However, there was no correlation between the changes in LDL cholesterol levels and those in %BF, %OW or height SD score. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the growth-promoting effects of GH correlate significantly with the reductions in %BF and %OW but not with the decrease in LDL cholesterol level in children with GH deficiency. The changes in LDL cholesterol did not correlate with any of the changes in body composition parameters, suggesting that the various actions of GH may have different mechanisms of regulation. |
| Changes in apolipoprotein E expression in response to dietary and pharmacological modulation of cholesterol Petanceska, S. S., S. DeRosa, et al. (2003), J Mol Neurosci 20(3): 395-406. Abstract: Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) influences the risk of late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) in an isoform-dependent manner, such that the presence of the apoE epsilon4 allele increases the risk of AD while the presence of the apoE epsilon2 allele appears to be protective. Although a number of ApoE functions are isoform dependent and may underlie the "risk factor" activity of AD, its ability to bind amyloid beta peptides and influence their clearance and/or deposition has gained strong experimental support. Evidence suggests that in addition to genotype, increased ApoE transcription can contribute to AD risk. There is growing evidence in support of the hypothesis that disrupted cholesterol metabolism is an early risk factor for AD. Studies in animal models have shown that chronic changes in cholesterol metabolism associate with changes in brain Abeta accumulation, a process instrumental for establishing AD pathology. ApoE mediates cholesterol homeostasis in the body and is a major lipid carrier in brain. As such, its expression in the periphery and in brain changes in response to changes in cholesterol metabolism. Here, we used a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's amyloidosis to examine whether the diet-induced or pharmacologically induced changes in plasma cholesterol that result in altered brain amyloidosis also affect ApoE content in liver and in brain. We found that chronic changes in total cholesterol in plasma lead to changes in ApoE mRNA levels in brain. We also found that cholesterol loading of primary glial cells increases cellular and secreted ApoE levels and that long-term treatment of astrocytes and microglia with statins leads to a decrease in the cellular and/or secreted ApoE. These observations suggest that disrupted cholesterol metabolism may increase the risk of developing AD in part due to the effect of cholesterol on brain ApoE expression. |
| Changes in blood cholesterol awareness: final results from the South Carolina Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Project Heath, G. W., R. Fuchs, et al. (1995), Am J Prev Med 11(3): 190-6. Abstract: We examined changes in five indicators of blood cholesterol awareness in two comparable biracial communities in South Carolina. One community received three years of cholesterol education and intervention activities implemented by a state health department and the other served as a comparison. Cross-sectional, interviewer-administered, random digit-dialed telephone surveys of 11,070 adults 18 years and older were conducted in 1987, 1988, 1989, and 1991. Changes in community levels of knowledge, preventive behavior, risk awareness, and treatment were assessed and compared between the two communities with analysis of covariance techniques that adjusted for age, race, and sex. Significant increases in knowledge, behavior, and risk awareness were observed for most groups defined by race, sex, or age in both communities. Significant net intervention increases between 1987 and 1991 were seen for knowledge of good cholesterol level (+16.4%, P <.001); behavioral action of ever having blood cholesterol checked (+18.6%, P <.001); and knowledge of personal level of blood cholesterol (+16.0%, P <.01). These results suggest that a community-wide blood cholesterol screening and education program can be effective in increasing blood cholesterol knowledge, risk awareness, and preventive behavior, thus serving as part of a public health strategy to lower and treat high blood cholesterol levels in a community. |
| Changes in blood cholesterol in the general population between 1980 and 1987. A cardiologic study in Minnesota Habib, R. (1992), Union Med Can 121(2): 122. |
| Changes in blood cholesterol levels over a 10-year period; value of a single sample for predicting future blood cholesterol levels Beurrier, D., J. L. Andre, et al. (1995), Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 88(7): 955-60. Abstract: The aim of this study was to report the serum cholesterol changes over a 10 year period in 12,238 subjects aged 4 to 64 years (mean 28 +/- 14 years) based on 3 health check-ups at an average of 5.5 yearly intervals between 1973 and 1989, and to determine the value of a single sample for predicting the serum cholesterol level at 5 and 10 years, and the influence of blood pressure and Quetelet index on this predictability. After identification of the influencing factors, the different variables were adjusted using a step-by-step regression analysis. The correlation coefficients calculated between the adjusted cholesterol level at the first examination and that measured at 5 and 10 years, were all significant (0.38 to 0.59) and varied with age at the time of the first examination and gender. The positive predictive value of having a cholesterol level higher than the 90th centile at 5 and 10 years when it was already higher than this value at the first examination varied from 26 to 46% respectively with respect to the subgroups. The sensitivity of the test was 25 to 48%. The negative predictive value and specificity were 93 to 95%. The lowering of this threshold to the 80th centile increased the positive predictive value from 35 to 45% and decreased the specificity from 94 to 87% for the whole population. When the first two sampling results, five years apart, were taken into consideration simultaneously, the predictive value of having a raised cholesterol level at 10 years increased from 35 to 61%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) |
| Changes in blood pressure and serum cholesterol following exercise training in Nigerian hypertensive subjects Iyawe, V. I., A. D. Ighoroje, et al. (1996), J Hum Hypertens 10(7): 483-7. Abstract: The effect of exercise training on blood pressure (BP) and serum cholesterol level was studied in hypertensive Nigerians. Fifty-eight subjects aged 30-65 years completed the study. They exercised on a cycle ergometer at 70% maximum O2 consumption. The frequency of exercise increased from 1 x 30 min/week for 16 weeks to 3 x 30 min/week for 16 weeks. Overall, there was a significant decrease in systolic (S) BP from 161 mm Hg at the onset, to 148 mm Hg at the end of exercise training (P < 0.01). Also there was a significant decrease in diastolic (D) BP from 100 mm Hg to 95 mm Hg (P < 0.05). The younger hypertensives (30-50 years) had a better response than the older hypertensives (51-65 years). There was a slight decrease in total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein levels, but high density lipoprotein level increased from an onset value of 0.94 mmol/l to 1.38 mmol/l at the end of exercise training (P < 0.05). Thus exercise training decreased BP and increased high density lipoprotein in hypertensive Nigerians. |
| Changes in cholesterol and its precursors during the first days after major trauma Bakalar, B., R. Hyspler, et al. (2003), Wien Klin Wochenschr 115(21-22): 775-9. Abstract: BACKGROUND: The causes of hypocholesterolemia in the critically ill, including major trauma patients, have not yet been fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that hypocholesterolemia is caused by decreased production of cholesterol precursors. DESIGN: Serum concentrations of squalene, lanosterol, and lathosterol were measured on admission, and then at 24 and 48 hours after injury using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Serum concentrations of total low-density and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were measured on admission and every day in the first week after injury. RESULTS: 83 consecutive patients with multiple trauma were examined. Significant drops in concentrations of lanosterol and lathosterol were found in the patients in comparison with the control group. The most profound drop was in lathosterol. CONCLUSION: Decreased synthesis of cholesterol precursors is the major cause of hypocholesterolemia in patients with multiple trauma. Lathosterol concentration is proposed as a marker of cholesterol synthesis. |
| Changes in cholesterol and triacylglycerol serum levels in rats during postnatal ontogenesis Pullmann, R., M. Samel, et al. (1994), Bratisl Lek Listy 95(10): 465-8. Abstract: In the serum of young normal rats during the first two months of life the concentrations of triacylglycerols (TG) and of cholesterol (CH) were determined. Low values in both studied parameters found in newborn animals were followed by a marked increase during the first week of life. In comparison with adult animals high values remained during the first five weeks of life. The results are discussed with regard to the high intake of lipids by milk during the period of sucking, as well as from the point of possible mobilization of tissue lipid stores because of the similar trend in the ontogenetic expression of the gene coding the hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). On the basis of evaluation of the analytical as well as biological variance it was found, that for the level of 50% of confidentiality the serum concentrations of cholesterol should be in the range X +/- 0.26 mmol/l. For the level of 95% the range of values is X +/- 0.67 mmol/l. It is suggested that these results could be used as reference values for serum lipids in the rat during ontogenesis. (Fig. 1, Ref. 21.) |
| Changes in cholesterol levels after coronary artery bypass surgery Figueroa, O., R. Franco-Saenz, et al. (1992), Am J Med Sci 303(2): 73-7. Abstract: To determine the factors responsible for the dramatic fall in cholesterol levels after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG), the authors reviewed, in a retrospective study, the cholesterol levels of 36 patients who underwent CABG surgery during 1987 and compared their levels with those of a control group of 30 patients who underwent cholecystectomies during the same time. In a prospective study, the authors measured the lipids and the hematocrit levels of 15 patients undergoing CABG surgery before the initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass, after 5 minutes of extracorporeal circulation (ECC), and at the end of ECC. In the CABG group, the plasma cholesterol level fell from 211 +/- 63 mg/dl (mean +/- SE) to 70 +/- 48 mg/dl (p less than 0.01), a 77% decrease within 24 hours of surgery. In the cholecystectomy group, the plasma cholesterol fell from 192.3 +/- 8.9 mg/dl to 158 +/- 76 mg/dl (p less than 0.01), an 18% decrease within 24 hours of surgery. To estimate the contribution of hemodilution or blood loss to the fall in cholesterol, changes in hematocrit were recorded. In the CABG group, hematocrit fell from 39.5 +/- 0.7% to 23.5 +/- 0.7% 24 hours after surgery (41% decrease) (p less than 0.01), whereas in the cholecystectomy group hematocrit fell from 39.4 +/- 0.8% to 37.1 +/- 0.9% on the first postoperative day (6% decrease). There was a positive correlation between the fall in cholesterol and the fall in hematocrit in the CABG group (correlation coefficient 0.472), suggesting that hemodilution was a major factor in the decrease in cholesterol levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) |
| Changes in cholesterol levels in women after coronary artery bypass surgery Allen, J. K. (1999), Heart Lung 28(4): 270-5. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the predictors of change in cholesterol levels in a cohort of women between the time of surgery and 1 year after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG).Design and Setting: This study was a prospective, descriptive study held at a Mid-Atlantic tertiary care medical center. METHODS: Lipid profiles, lifestyle behaviors, and other major coronary risk factors were measured at the time of surgery and again 12 months later from a consecutive convenience sample of 130 women who underwent first-time, isolated CABG. RESULTS: The sample population was 24% black and 76% white and had a mean age of 65 years and an average of 11 years of education. Although no statistically significant changes in cholesterol levels were observed, a majority (55%) of women had increases in total cholesterol level, whereas 45% had decreased total cholesterol level between baseline and 1 year of follow-up. After controlling for preoperative cholesterol values, a change in cholesterol level was independently predicted by ejection fraction, smoking status, and body mass index. At 1 year, plasma lipoprotein levels were not optimally managed, with high proportions of values exceeding national guidelines for secondary prevention. CONCLUSIONS: Women continue to have high cholesterol levels after CABG, putting them at high risk for future coronary heart disease events. Effective secondary prevention programs targeting multiple lifestyle behaviors and adequate pharmacotherapy are needed. |
| Changes in cultured arterial smooth muscle cells isolated from chicks upon cholesterol feeding Carazo, A., J. Alejandre, et al. (1998), Lipids 33(2): 181-90. Abstract: We have developed cultures of smooth muscle cells (SMC) isolated from arterial hypercholesterolemic chicks (cholesterol-SMC). These cultures are suitable for the study at the molecular level of the changes in arterial SMC induced by a cholesterol diet. By using a strong dose of cholesterol (5%) for 10 d, we obtained very proliferative SMC which became foam cells after 30 d in culture. On the other hand, SMC cultures isolated from control-fed chicks had a lower growth rate than the SMC ones under the same culture conditions. DNA synthesis was fourfold greater in cholesterol-SMC than in control-SMC cultures. Intracellular cholesterol concentrations were the same in both cholesterol and control SMC during the first 14 d of culture but afterward increased in differing ways: after 20 d of culture the cholesterol-SMC increased their cholesterol content to double the control. We give here the results obtained from transmission electron microscopy, lipid analysis, proliferation studies, DNA, RNA and protein synthesis, and then discuss their implications. |
| Changes in distribution of glycosaminoglycans during the progression of cholesterol induced atherosclerosis in Japanese quail Velleman, S. G., W. Bacon, et al. (1998), Atherosclerosis 137(1): 63-70. Abstract: The temporal and spatial distribution and relative concentration of the proteoglycan glycosaminoglycan component were studied during the progression of atherosclerosis in the systemic arteries of Japanese quail selected for cholesterol induced atherosclerosis (CIA). The CIA quail were placed on either control or 0.5% added cholesterol diets at 3 months of age. The major systemic arteries (dorsal aorta, right and left brachiocephalic) were collected at 1- or 2-week intervals over the 10-week period of cholesterol feeding. In the cholesterol fed quail, alcian blue staining of the dorsal aorta showed elevations of glycosaminoglycans in regions of the artery with atherosclerotic plaque, beginning at the 6-week time point. By biochemical analysis, increases in glycosaminoglycan relative concentration was detected at the 10-week time point. In addition to the change in glycosaminoglycan relative concentration and distribution, the cholesterol fed animals also formed foam cells characteristic of atherosclerotic plaques. Therefore, the conclusion reached was that the CIA line of Japanese quail is a valid animal model for the study of alterations in proteoglycan metabolism in atherosclerotic plaques induced by hypercholesterolemia. |
| Changes in flow-mediated brachial artery vasoactivity with lowering of desirable cholesterol levels in healthy middle-aged men Vogel, R. A., M. C. Corretti, et al. (1996), Am J Cardiol 77(1): 37-40. Abstract: Current National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines consider desirable total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels to be < 200 and < 160 mg/dl, respectively, for healthy individuals without multiple coronary risk factors. To determine the extent to which these levels affect vascular function, we assessed flow-mediated (endothelium-dependent) brachial artery vasoactivity noninvasively before, during, and after cholesterol lowering (simvastatin 10 mg/day) in 7 healthy middle-aged men with cholesterol levels meeting current recommendations. Flow-mediated brachial artery vasoactivity was measured using 7.5 MHz ultrasound and expressed as percent diameter change from baseline to hyperemic conditions (1 minute following 5 minutes of blood pressure cuff arterial occlusion). Flow-mediated vasoactivity rose from 5.0 +/- 3.6% at baseline to 10.5 +/- 5.6%, 13.3 +/- 4.3%, and 15.7 +/- 4.9% (all p < 0.05) as cholesterol fell from 200 +/- 12 to 161 +/- 18, 169 +/- 16, and 153 +/- 11 mg/dl after 2, 4, and 12 weeks, respectively, of cholesterol-lowering therapy. Vasoactivity and cholesterol returned to baseline levels 12 weeks after simvastatin discontinuation. Overall, vasoactivity was found to correlate inversely with cholesterol levels (r = -0.47, p = 0.004). These data suggest that flow-mediated brachial artery vasoactivity responds rapidly to changes in cholesterol levels and that endothelial function improves by lowering cholesterol levels below recommendations of current guidelines. |
| Changes in free and esterified cholesterol: hallmarks of acute renal tubular injury and acquired cytoresistance Zager, R. A. and T. F. Kalhorn (2000), Am J Pathol 157(3): 1007-16. Abstract: Acute tubular cell injury is accompanied by plasma membrane phospholipid breakdown. Although cholesterol is a dominant membrane lipid which interdigitates with, and impacts, phospholipid homeostasis, its fate during the induction and recovery phases of acute renal failure (ARF) has remained ill defined. The present study was performed to ascertain whether altered cholesterol expression is a hallmark of evolving tubular damage. Using gas chromatographic analysis, free cholesterol (FC) and esterified cholesterol (CE) were quantified in: 1) isolated mouse proximal tubule segments (PTS) after 30 minutes of hypoxic or oxidant (ferrous ammonium sulfate) injury; 2) cultured proximal tubule (HK-2) cells after 4 or 18 hours of either ATP depletion/Ca(2+) ionophore- or ferrous ammonium sulfate-mediated injury; and 3) in renal cortex 18 hours after induction of glycerol-induced myoglobinuric ARF, a time corresponding to the so-called "acquired cytoresistance" state (ie, resistance to further renal damage). Hypoxic and oxidant injury each induced approximately 33% decrements in CE (but not FC) levels in PTS, corresponding with lethal cell injury (approximately 50 to 60% LDH release). When comparable CE declines were induced in normal PTS by exogenous cholesterol esterase treatment, proportionate lethal cell injury resulted. During models of slowly evolving HK-2 cell injury, progressive CE increments occurred: these were first noted at 4 hours, and reached approximately 600% by 18 hours. In vivo myoglobinuric ARF produced comparable renal cortical CE (and to a lesser extent FC) increments. Renal CE accumulation strikingly correlated with the severity of ARF (eg, blood urea nitrogen versus CE; r, 0.84). Mevastatin blocked cholesterol accumulation in injured HK-2 cells, indicating de novo synthesis was responsible. Acute tubule injury first lowers, then raises, tubule cholesterol content. Based on previous observations that cholesterol has cytoprotectant properties, the present findings have potential relevance for both the induction and maintenance phases of ARF. |
| Changes in free cholesterol content, measured by filipin fluorescence and flow cytometry, correlate with changes in cholesterol biosynthesis in THP-1 macrophages Hassall, D. G. and A. Graham (1995), Cytometry 21(4): 352-62. Abstract: The free cholesterol content of cells can be monitored by the intensity of fluorescence emissions from the polyene antibiotic filipin. In a previous study (Hassall: Cytometry 13:381-388, 1992) using THP-1 macrophages, a decrease in filipin fluorescence in response to increasing concentrations of modified lipoprotein was observed, suggesting a reduction in the free cholesterol content of the cells. In this study, THP-1 macrophages were treated with a number of agents known to modulate cholesterol biosynthesis and cholesterol esterification. Changes in filipin fluorescence emissions were measured by flow cytometry, and correlated with changes in cholesterol biosynthesis measured by incorporation of 14Cacetate into cholesterol. A correlation between decreases in filipin fluorescence and reductions in cholesterol biosynthesis was apparent, even when cholesterol esterification was inhibited. These results suggest that the decreases in filipin fluorescence observed may be due, at least in part, to reduction in cholesterol biosynthesis. |
| Changes in glucose and cholesterol levels in patients with schizophrenia treated with typical or atypical antipsychotics Lindenmayer, J. P., P. Czobor, et al. (2003), Am J Psychiatry 160(2): 290-6. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The association of hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia with use of atypical antipsychotics has been documented in case reports and uncontrolled studies. The authors' goal was to assess the effects of clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, and haloperidol on glucose and cholesterol levels in hospitalized patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder during a randomized double-blind 14-week trial. METHOD: One hundred fifty-seven patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder who were inpatients at four hospitals were originally included in the study. The 14-week trial consisted of an 8-week fixed-dose period and a 6-week variable-dose period. Planned assessments included fasting glucose and cholesterol, which were collected at baseline and at the end of the 8-week period and the following 6-week period. RESULTS: One hundred eight of the 157 patients provided blood samples at baseline and at least at one point after random assignment to clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, or haloperidol during the treatment trial. Seven of these patients had diabetes; their glucose levels were >125 mg/dl at baseline. Data from 101 patients were used for statistical analyses. During the initial 8-week period there was an overall significant increase in mean glucose levels. There were significant increases in glucose levels at the end of the 8-week fixed-dose period for patients given clozapine (N=27) and those given haloperidol (N=25). The olanzapine group showed a significant increase of glucose levels at the end of the 6-week variable-dose period (N=22). Fourteen of the 101 patients developed abnormal glucose levels (>125 mg/dl) during the trial (six with clozapine, four with olanzapine, three with risperidone, and one with haloperidol). Cholesterol levels were increased at the end of the 8-week fixed-dose period for the patients given clozapine (N=27) and those given olanzapine (N=26); cholesterol levels were also increased at the end of the 6-week variable-dose period for patients given olanzapine (N=22). CONCLUSIONS: In this prospective randomized trial, clozapine, olanzapine, and haloperidol were associated with an increase of plasma glucose level, and clozapine and olanzapine were associated with an increase in cholesterol levels. The mean changes in glucose and cholesterol levels remained within clinically normal ranges, but approximately 14% of the patients developed abnormally high glucose levels during the course of their participation in the study. |
| Changes in glucose, cholesterol and serum lipid fraction levels in experimental diabetes Maciejewski, R., P. Rucinski, et al. (2001), Ann Univ Mariae Curie Sklodowska Med 56: 363-8. Abstract: The objective of this research was to trace the changes in serum glucose, cholesterol and lipid fractions during progression of diabetes in rabbits. 89 male rabbits, New Zealand breed were used in the experiment. Diabetes mellitus was induced by a single injection of alloxan. On day 7 the glucose level in the whole blood was measured by a glucometer to confirm the presence of diabetes. From this day the time of disease was counted. The rabbits were divided into the following groups: Group 1--controls (n = 18), Group 2-21 days diabetes mellitus (n = 18), Group 3-42 days diabetes mellitus (n = 17), group 4-90 days diabetes mellitus (n = 19), group 5-180 days diabetes mellitus (n = 17). After above-mentioned periods blood samples were taken and the rabbits were killed by decapitation. The final level of glucose in the sera was determined spectrophotometrically by enzymatic method. The method of cholesterol measurement was based on oxidation of free cholesterol to cholesterol releasing hydrogen peroxide. Measurement of lipid fractions was based on indirect methods consisting in precipitation of specific lipoprotein fractions. Control rabbits revealed highly significant (p < 0.01) or significant (p < 0.05) correlation between initial and final cholesterol and glucose levels. It was not observed in diabetic rabbits. Highly significant correlation (p < 0.01) was found between LDL and total cholesterol concentration in 21 and 42 day of diabetes. Similar correlation was observed between HDL and total cholesterol concentration on 90th day of the course of disease. We concluded that significant disorders of lipid metabolism occur in the course of alloxan-induced diabetes in rabbits, manifested by total cholesterol level increase and changes in proportions and levels of serum lipid fractions. |
| Changes in HDL-cholesterol and lipoprotein Lp(a) after 6-month treatment with finasteride in males affected by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) Denti, L., G. Pasolini, et al. (2000), Atherosclerosis 152(1): 159-66. Abstract: Androgen effects on lipoproteins, mainly high density lipoprotein (HDL), could be exerted by a direct interaction of testosterone (T) or dihydrotestosterone (DHT) with liver androgen receptors. To assess if T needs to be converted into DHT to affect lipid metabolism, 13 patients were studied, affected with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and treated with an inhibitor of 5 alpha-reductase (finasteride). They were compared with 15 untreated controls. At baseline and after 3 and 6 months of therapy, each patient was evaluated as for lipoprotein and hormone concentrations, as well as for nutritional status. Body composition was assessed by anthropometry and bio-impedance analysis (BIA). Treatment was associated with a significant increase of HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), mainly HDL3 subclass, and lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), as well as a decline of DHT, whereas no significant changes were apparent for T, estradiol (E2), sex hormone binding hormone (SHBG) and body composition indexes. However, no significant associations between DHT and lipid relative changes were apparent at bivariate correlation analysis. This finding was confirmed by comparing patient subsets identified by cluster analysis, according to HDL subclass individual responses. Rather, a slight association with E2 for HDL2 (positive) and HDL3 (negative) was found. In conclusion, finasteride can modify HDL and Lp(a) concentrations. However, by the data, these effects cannot be definitively attributed to the changes in DHT synthesis induced by finasteride, since a direct and non-specific interference of the drug on liver metabolism cannot be excluded. |
| Changes in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol subfractions with exercise training may be dependent on cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) genotype Wilund, K. R., R. E. Ferrell, et al. (2002), Metabolism 51(6): 774-8. Abstract: We sought to determine if a cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) gene locus variation contributes to the variability in the responses of plasma high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and its subfractions to endurance exercise training. Middle- to older-aged men and women with at least 1 lipoprotein-lipid risk factor underwent 6 months of endurance exercise training while on a low-fat diet. Plasma lipid levels were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Initial age, body composition, lipoprotein-lipid profiles, and VO(2)max did not differ between the 2 CETP genotype groups (B1B1, n = 16; B1B2, n = 14). With exercise training, VO(2)max increased, and body weight, total body fat, and computed tomographic (CT) intra-abdominal visceral fat decreased similarly in both CETP genotype groups. Plasma total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels did not change significantly with training in either genotype group. HDL(2NMR)-C levels increased with exercise training in CETP B1B1 (P <.05), but did not change in CETP B1B2 genotype individuals. HDL(3NMR)-C levels tended to decrease with training in CETP B1B1 persons and HDL(4NMR)-C levels tended to increase with training somewhat more in CETP B1B2 individuals, but these differences were not significant. HDL(5NMR)-C levels increased similarly with exercise training in the 2 groups. The integrated HDL(3-5NMR)-C levels increased with exercise training in CETP B1B2 (P <.05), but did not change in CETP B1B1 genotype individuals. Apolipoprotein E (APO E) or lipoprotein lipase (LPL) PvuII genotype did not associate with HDL-C subfraction changes with training. Thus, CETP genotype may contribute to the interindividual differences in plasma HDL-C subfraction changes occurring with endurance exercise training in sedentary middle- to older-aged men and women. |
| Changes in lipoprotein(a), LDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein B in homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemic patients treated with dextran sulfate LDL-apheresis Lasuncion, M. A., J. L. Teruel, et al. (1993), Eur J Clin Invest 23(12): 819-26. Abstract: We evaluated the effect of periodical treatment with LDL-apheresis by adsorption to dextran sulfate (Liposorber LA-15) on several aspects related to LDL and Lipoprotein(a) metabolisms, in three homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemic patients with LDL receptor deficiency. The dextran sulfate columns retained apolipoprotein B-containing particles with high affinity and capacity, in such a way that the treatment of a volume of plasma equivalent to three times the patient plasma volume resulted in an 85% decrease of circulating LDL-cholesterol and Lipoprotein(a). The continuous treatment with LDL-apheresis was highly beneficial for these patients since an average plasma concentration lower than 200 mg dl-1 for LDL-cholesterol, and lower than 25 mg dl-1 for Lipoprotein(a) could be achieved by treating the patients once a week. After each apheresis treatment, plasma concentrations of these metabolites progressively returned to the pretreatment, steady-state, levels. The analysis of the rates of return allowed us to estimate the fractional catabolic rates. FCRs of LDL-cholesterol were 0.052, 0.049 and 0.047 pools day-1, and those of apolipoprotein B, 0.065, 0.045 and 0.050 pools day-1 in the three subjects, respectively. These values are much lower than those in normolipidaemic individuals as observed by others, and are in accordance with the LDL-receptor deficiency condition of our patients. Two of them had highly elevated Lipoprotein(a) plasma concentrations, and their FCRs of Lipoprotein(a) were calculated to be 0.112 and 0.066 pools day-1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) |