| For medical practitioners and the general public - Cholesterol Journal Article Catalog. |
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| Cholesterol granuloma Gadre, A. K. (2005), Ear Nose Throat J 84(5): 264. |
| Cholesterol granuloma and aspergilloma of the maxillary sinus Sarioglu, S., U. Pabuccuoglu, et al. (2001), Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 258(2): 74-6. Abstract: Cholesterol granuloma (CG) of the paranasal sinuses is rare. The proposed mechanisms of initiation are haemorrhage, impaired drainage and obstruction of ventilation. To the best of our knowledge, association of CG with a specific infection has not been described before. We have recently observed CG and aspergilloma of Aspergillus flavus type from the left maxillary sinus of a 58-year-old male patient presenting with nasal obstruction, headache and postnasal discharge. Any causative relationship between the two findings is obscure. The suspected mechanisms underlying aspergilloma and CG of the paranasal sinuses seems similar, since there is obstruction of ventilation and drainage. The cholesterol accumulation cannot be attributed to cellular components or breakdown products of the aspergillus as the major sterol of the plasma membranes of fungi is ergosterol, not cholesterol. |
| Cholesterol granuloma at the sella region: a new method of the differential diagnosis of craniopharyngioma Vajtai, I., Z. Kopniczky, et al. (2001), Orv Hetil 142(9): 451-7. Abstract: Cholesterol-granuloma is a pseudotumoral mass that is believed to enlarge by a self-perpetuating sequence of repeated hemorrhages and reparative tissue reaction. Albeit an almost ubiquitous phenomenon throughout the body, cholesterol-granuloma has recently been appreciated as a distinctive lesion mimicking or associated with craniopharyngiomas. Upon review of a surgical series of 15 purported craniopharyngiomas, the authors identified 3 such occurrences. All were characterized by a predominance of slit-like cholesterol clefts with multi-nucleated giant cells embedded in a fibrotic stroma permeated with lipid laden macrophages, lymphocytes, as well as organizing hemorrhage. Non-craniopharyngioma specific cuboidal epithelium was present in one case. The mean age of patients--all males--with cholesterol-granuloma was 26 years, and all but one had an intrasellar tumor component. Clinical symptoms referrable to hypopituitarism predominated. At variance with the above, patients with adamantinomatous or papillary craniopharyngiomas were 23.5 and 46 years old, respectively, and presented with neurological deficits or ones due to hypothalamic involvement by their tumors. With marginal central nervous tissue present in 53 percent of the specimens, 75 percent of adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas, but only 12 percent of cholesterol-granulomas showed invasive growth. At present cholesterol-granulomas are conceived as a clinicopathologically distinctive lesion of uncertain origin. They most probably represent a clinically relevant entity in the ontogenesis of adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas with predisposing factors yet to be elucidated. |
| Cholesterol granuloma coincidence with a large and high jugular bulb: report of a case Kasemsuwan, L., J. Jenjitranant, et al. (1993), J Med Assoc Thai 76(5): 296-302. Abstract: We present a case of right middle ear mass who had an abnormal large jugular foramen, high jugular bulb and large jugular vein on the same side. CT scan could not exclude a glomus tumor. Theoretically, retrograde jugular venography and carotid angiography will give the most useful information. However, in this case we tried to use the MRI scan instead. It showed high signal in T1W, T2W, GRT2W which correlated with blood pigments of methemoglobin in middle ear and mastoid. The low signal in MRI scan T1W, T2W clearly showed enlarged jugular vein, high jugular bulb with diverticulum which helped to excluding a glomus tumor. This finally turned out to be a cholesterol granuloma coincidence with abnormal enlarged jugular foramen and jugular vein. We suggest the MRI scan is very helpful and much safer for patients compared to angiography. |
| Cholesterol granuloma in paranasal sinus. An unfrequent pseudotumor in maxillary sinuses Garcia de Hombre, A. M. and A. Perez Penate (2005), An Otorrinolaringol Ibero Am 32(3): 261-9. Abstract: The cholesterol granuloma is well known in the middle ear, in the mastoid antrum and the air cells of temporal bone, mostly related to a chronic infectious process. There are other localizations such as the pleura, lung, pericardium, kidneys, arterial wall, nerves, brain, testicles, lymphatic ganglion and in the paranasals sinuses. Its localization in the mediofacial area is very unfrequent, having only been described 44 cases up to the year 2002. We present a 42 year-old patient, who required surgical treatment because of a increase in the volume of area her left facial of one month's old. It resulted to be secundary to an expansion of the maxilar sinus, such as seen on the computerized tomography carried out on the patient. The diagnosis was cholesterol granuloma, performed, through the anatomo-pathology study. We review the litterature on this subject and analyse the possible etiologic cause of this lesion, its clinic, diagnostic methodology and treatment. |
| Cholesterol granuloma in the maxillary sinus Erpek, G. and H. Ustun (1994), Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 251(4): 246-7. Abstract: A 35-year-old male complained of recurring headache and nasal obstruction over a 4-year period. A Caldwell-Luc operation was subsequently performed on the left maxillary sinus and a greenish appearing material was removed. Microscopic examination of the tissue specimen showed a granulomatous tissue with typical cholesterol clefts and inflammatory changes consistent with chronic sinusitis. This entity is presented and reviewed. |
| Cholesterol granuloma in the middle cranial fossa: report of two cases Morioka, T., K. Fujii, et al. (1995), Neuroradiology 37(7): 564-7. Abstract: We report two cases of cholesterol granuloma in the middle cranial fossa. On CT the lesions appeared as a nonspecific, nonenhancing soft-tissue mass with bone erosion. On MRI they were seen as areas of high signal intensity surrounded by a low-intensity peripheral zone on both T1- and T2-weighted images. Cholesterol granuloma is thought to occur when pneumatised cells in the temporal bone become obstructed. Although this lesion usually occurs in the petrous bone, it can extend to the middle cranial fossa. The diagnosis and surgical management are discussed. |
| Cholesterol granuloma in the middle fossa presenting 30 years after surgery for chronic otitis media: a case report Muzumdar, D. P., A. Goel, et al. (2002), J Clin Neurosci 9(4): 447-50. Abstract: A massive left subtemporal extradural cholesterol granuloma in a 45 year old male patient is reported. The lesion communicated with the petrous temporal bone and was diagnosed after it became symptomatic 30 years following surgery for left chronic otitis media. The case is analysed and the literature on the subject is reviewed. |
| Cholesterol granuloma in the petrous apex: case report and review Terao, T., H. Onoue, et al. (2001), Acta Neurochir (Wien) 143(9): 947-52. Abstract: Cholesterol granuloma in the petrous apex presents with various symptoms of cranial nerve dysfunction, so the selection for surgical treatment remains controversial. We report a 41-year-old woman with a cholesterol granuloma at the left petrous apex, which was totally resected via a combined middle fossa and posterior transpetrosal approach. In a review of 92 cases, including our case, treated for petrous apex cholesterol granuloma between 1990 and 2001, 38 were men (41.3%) and 54 were women (58.7%). The mean age of these patients was 37.4 years (males were 35.2 years, females were 39.4 years). The most common presenting clinical symptom was hearing loss due to dysfunction of cranial nerve VIII. Seventy-nine patients, including our case, underwent operation, and 13 patients were managed without surgery. The most frequently selected surgical approach was middle cranial fossa approach. Revision surgery (including the 2 cases who underwent revision twice and three times) was performed in 12 patients (15.2%). In 92 cases, all of those who underwent total removal have not shown re-accumulation of cyst contents. On the other hand, 11.4% of the patients with or without permanent drainage route proceeded by subtotal removal of the cyst wall needed revision surgery because of stenosis of the drainage route. Therefore we conclude that the most important treatment for the prevention of re-accumulation of cyst contents may be the extent of the cyst wall resection rather than the establishment of permanent drainage route. |
| Cholesterol granuloma of the breast mimicking carcinoma: report of a case Osada, T., J. Kitayama, et al. (2002), Surg Today 32(11): 981-4. Abstract: Cholesterol granuloma of the breast is a rare benign condition which is often clinically and radiologically indistinguishable from breast carcinoma. We herein report the case of a 62-year-old asymptomatic woman who was found on a routine breast examination to have an elastic hard mass, measuring 0.9 cm in diameter, in the upper outer quadrant of the left breast. Physical examination and ultrasonography strongly suggested a carcinomatous lesion. A cytological examination of a fine-needle aspiration biopsy specimen was inconclusive because of the paucity of epithelial cells. A histological examination of excisional biopsy materials showed scattered cholesterol crystals arranged in irregular, parallel arrays, surrounded by histiocytes and giant cells, which were consistent with a diagnosis of cholesterol granuloma. This case report indicates the importance of performing a histological examination to establish the final diagnosis of cholesterol granuloma. We believe that a better awareness of this breast disease might help to prevent both a misdiagnosis and unnecessary surgery. |
| Cholesterol granuloma of the breast presenting as an intracystic papilloma Smith, G. L., P. Hicks, et al. (1997), Br J Radiol 70(839): 1178-9. Abstract: Cholesterol granuloma of the breast is a rare benign condition. It is often clinically and radiologically indistinguishable from breast carcinoma. A case of cholesterol granuloma which manifested as an intracystic papilloma on ultrasound is described. This unusual ultrasonographic appearance has not previously been reported. |
| Cholesterol granuloma of the breast: a mimic of carcinoma Reynolds, H. E. and H. M. Cramer (1994), Radiology 191(1): 249-50. Abstract: Cholesterol granuloma of the breast is a rare condition that may be related to the common disorder mammary duct ectasia. Its importance is in its tendency to mimic carcinoma clinically and radiologically. The authors report a case in a 65-year-old asymptomatic woman. |
| Cholesterol granuloma of the cerebello-pontine angle Lunardi, P., P. Missori, et al. (1992), Clin Neurol Neurosurg 94(3): 265-8. Abstract: An unusual case of cholesterol granuloma of the temporal bone is described presenting as a cerebellopontine tumor. This lesion seemed to arise from an inflammatory process obstructing pneumatized cells. It consists of extradural granulation tissue and must be distinguished from intradural epidermoid cyst, which is, instead, a dysembryogenetic neoplasm. Simple drainage of the granuloma was accomplished by posterior fossa approach, but the lesion recurred after a year. The diagnosis and surgical management of cholesterol granuloma are discussed. |
| Cholesterol granuloma of the choroid simulating a macular tumor Asensio Sanchez, V. M., C. Perna Monroy, et al. (2004), Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol 79(9): 453-5. Abstract: CASE REPORT: We present a 76-year-old woman with a cholesterol granuloma of the choroid simulating a choroidal melanoma. DISCUSSION: Cholesterol granuloma in the choroid is a quite rare tumor with a characteristic histology of foreign body reactions surrounding cholesterol crystals. |
| Cholesterol granuloma of the frontal bone Aferzon, M., B. Millman, et al. (2002), Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 127(6): 578-81. |
| Cholesterol granuloma of the frontal bone: CT diagnosis Eijpe, A. A., L. Koornneef, et al. (1990), J Comput Assist Tomogr 14(6): 914-7. Abstract: Cholesterol granuloma of the frontal bone is a distinct clinical entity. This expanding lesion grows slowly within the diploe of the frontal bone until it extends into the orbit and causes globe displacement. We report the clinical and the CT findings in 11 patients with cholesterol granuloma of the orbit. The CT characteristics of cholesterol granuloma of the frontal bone appear to enable a correct preoperative diagnosis. |
| Cholesterol granuloma of the frontal sinus Brookes, N. (2003), J Laryngol Otol 117(12): 1007. |
| Cholesterol granuloma of the frontal sinus Shykhon, M. E., M. I. Trotter, et al. (2002), J Laryngol Otol 116(12): 1041-3. Abstract: It is common to see cholesterol granuloma in the mastoid air cells, less common in the orbit, and uncommon in the paranasal sinuses. Cholesterol granuloma is thought to be due to an interruption to normal aeration with impaired lymphatic drainage, resulting in a closed cavity where it may form. These expanding cysts cause bone destruction and compression of the surrounding structures that lead to clinical symptoms. Diagnosis and management of cholesterol granuloma cysts can be challenging. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomographic (CT) scans are usually diagnostic. We present a rare case of cholesterol granuloma in the frontal sinus, few cases have been reported in the literature. |
| Cholesterol granuloma of the frontal sinus. A case report Chiantelli, A., M. Papini, et al. (1993), Rhinology 31(3): 139-41. Abstract: A rare case of cholesterol granuloma of the frontal sinus is reported. The pathogenetical mechanisms and the tumour's behaviour are discussed on the basis of the patient's, the radiologic examination and the pathologist's finding's. A follow-up of three years is given. |
| Cholesterol granuloma of the kidney mimicking a tumour Thevendran, G., M. Al-Akraa, et al. (2003), Nephrol Dial Transplant 18(11): 2449-50. |