| For medical practitioners and the general public - Cholesterol Journal Article Catalog. |
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| The effect of spices on cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity and on serum and hepatic cholesterol levels in the rat Srinivasan, K. and K. Sambaiah (1991), Int J Vitam Nutr Res 61(4): 364-9. Abstract: The effect of feeding curcumin, capsaicin, ginger, mustard, black pepper and cumin on cholesterol and bile acid metabolism was studied in rats. The activity of hepatic cholesterol-7 alpha-hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme of bile acid biosynthesis, was significantly elevated in curcumin (turmeric), capsaicin (red pepper), ginger and mustard treated animals. The enzyme activity was comparable to controls in black pepper and cumin fed rats. Serum and liver microsomal cholesterol contents were significantly higher in the curcumin and capsaicin treated animals. Thus, this study has suggested that the spices--turmeric, red pepper, ginger and mustard can stimulate the conversion of cholesterol to bile acids, an important pathway of elimination of cholesterol from the body. However, simultaneous stimulation of cholesterol synthesis by the spice principles--curcumin and capsaicin suggests that there may not be any significant contribution of stimulation of bile acid biosynthesis to the hypocholesterolemic action of these spices, and the latter action may solely be due to interference with exogenous cholesterol absorption. |
| The effect of spontaneously low and diet- and drug-reduced cholesterol levels on noncardiovascular causes of death Heyden, S. (1994), Dtsch Med Wochenschr 119(46): 1597-601. |
| The effect of sterol structure on membrane lipid domains reveals how cholesterol can induce lipid domain formation Xu, X. and E. London (2000), Biochemistry 39(5): 843-9. Abstract: Detergent-insoluble membrane domains, enriched in saturated lipids and cholesterol, have been implicated in numerous biological functions. To understand how cholesterol promotes domain formation, the effect of various sterols and sterol derivatives on domain formation in mixtures of the saturated lipid dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and a fluorescence quenching analogue of an unsaturated lipid was compared. Quenching measurements demonstrated that several sterols (cholesterol, dihydrocholesterol, epicholesterol, and 25-hydroxycholesterol) promote formation of DPPC-enriched domains. Other sterols and sterol derivatives had little effect on domain formation (cholestane and lanosterol) or, surprisingly, strongly inhibit it (coprostanol, androstenol, cholesterol sulfate, and 4-cholestenone). The effect of sterols on domain formation was closely correlated with their effects on DPPC insolubility. Those sterols that promoted domain formation increased DPPC insolubility, whereas those sterols that inhibit domain formation decreased DPPC insolubility. The effects of sterols on the fluorescence polarization of diphenylhexatriene incorporated into DPPC-containing vesicles were also correlated with sterol structure. These experiments indicate that the effect of sterol on the ability of saturated lipids to form a tightly packed (i.e., tight in the sense that the lipids are closely packed with one another) and ordered state is the key to their effect on domain formation. Those sterols that promote tight packing of saturated lipids promote domain formation, while those sterols that inhibited tight packing of saturated lipids inhibited domain formation. The ability of some sterols to inhibit domain formation (i.e., act as "anti-cholesterols") should be a valuable tool for examining domain formation and properties in cells. |
| The effect of structural organization of cholesterol aggregates in aqueous-organic media on its oxidation reaction, catalyzed by cholesterol oxidase Aleksandrovskii Ia, A. and V. N. Titov (1993), Biokhimiia 58(9): 1408-19. Abstract: Cholesterol oxidation by cholesterol oxidase in homogeneous water-organic mixtures without the use of surface-active agents and the effects of reaction medium parameters on this process have been studied. It has been shown that the nature of the organic solvent, buffer salts, pH and the "age" of the cholesterol solutions determine the formation of the "substrate" properties of sterol molecules in the aggregates which is manifested as changes in the kinetic parameters of the oxidation reaction and in the spectrophotometric characteristics of the enzymatic oxidation product, 4-cholesten-3-one. Such changes are the most vividly pronounced during oxidation of "aged" cholesterol solutions prepared 24 hrs before the reaction and are concomitant with significant reductions in the maximal reaction rate, Km values of cholesterol oxidase for cholesterol and the effective molar extinction coefficient for 4-cholesten-3-one. Sonication of "aged" cholesterol solutions partly restores these indices. The observed phenomena seem to be due to the different extent of aggregation of cholesterol molecules in solutions. Other factors influencing the value of the molar extinction coefficient for 4-cholesten-3-one, such as hypochromicity and stray light, are also discussed. The enzyme has a broad pH optimum at pH 7.0. The Michaelis constant for cholesterol does not appreciably change in the pH range studied (6.0-8.0) and constitutes approximately 15 microM for freshly prepared cholesterol solutions containing 10% propanol-1. The catalytic constant measured under the same conditions is about 22 s-1 at 20 degrees C and pH 7.0. The stability of cholesterol solutions is strongly influenced by the pH of the reaction medium, nature of the organic solvent and buffer salts. Weakly alkaline solutions prove to be the most stable ones. Regardless of the nature of the buffer salt its concentration in the range of 0.02-0.2 M does not affect the reaction. |
| The effect of sulphonylurea therapy on serum total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol Singh, T., S. Singh, et al. (1992), J Indian Med Assoc 90(10): 259-61. Abstract: A study was conducted on 50 cases comprising 25 patients of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and 25 age and sex matched normal individuals. The diabetic state of the patients was controlled by glibenclamide, a sulphonylurea. The levels of serum total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol were measured at the start and 15 and 30 days after glibenclamide therapy. There was a significant (p < 0.001) decrease in the levels of serum total cholesterol from initial 222.96 +/- 31.04 mg% to 218 +/- 28.99 mg% after 15 days and to 211.8 +/- 28.42 mg% after 30 days of therapy. In no case there was increase in serum total cholesterol level. There was a significant (p < 0.001) increase in the levels of serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol from initial 20.96 +/- 4.59 mg% to 21.8 +/- 4.78 mg% after 15 days to 23.72 +/- 5.07 mg% after 30 days of glibenclamide therapy and no case showed a fall in serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol level. This favourable alteration in serum total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol was observed in patients of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus having ischaemic heart disease as well. |
| The effect of superoxide anion in the production of seven major cholesterol oxidation products in aptoric and protic conditions Lee, J. H., D. W. Shoeman, et al. (1997), Int J Food Sci Nutr 48(2): 151-9. Abstract: The reaction of cholesterol with superoxide anion was investigated in aprotic (dry) and in protic (aqueous) conditions. Superoxide anion was produced by electro-chemical reduction of molecular oxygen in a solution of 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium bromide in acetonitrile. The cholesterol and cholesterol oxidation products, 7-ketocholesterol, 7 alpha-hydroxycholesterol, 7 beta-hydroxycholesterol and 25-hydroxycholesterol were measured by high performance liquid chromatography using a mu-Porasil normal phase column and a UV detector. Cholesterol triol, 5 alpha and 5 beta cholesterol epoxides were measured by capillary gas chromatography. None of these cholesterol oxidation products was detected from the reaction of cholesterol with superoxide anion in aprotic conditions. This indicates that cholesterol was not oxidized by direct attack of superoxide anion. When 4% water (v/v) was added to the aprotic reaction mixture, to induce the dismutation of superoxide anions and the production of hydroxy free radicals, it was found that cholesterol was not oxidized by the active oxygen species thus produced. The effects of hydrogen peroxide, on the reaction of cholesterol with superoxide anion in the protic condition was also investigated. When hydrogen peroxide was added to superoxide anion in aqueous solution, only 7-ketocholesterol, 7 alpha-hydroxycholesterol, 7 beta-hydroxycholesterol were formed from cholesterol. |
| The effect of supplemental dietary fat on plasma cholesterol levels in lovastatin-treated hypercholesterolemic patients McKenney, J. M., J. D. Proctor, et al. (1995), Pharmacotherapy 15(5): 565-72. Abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE. A validation study was conducted first to test assumptions about the effect of saturated and unsaturated dietary fat supplements. The second study was conducted to determine the effect on blood cholesterol levels of saturated and unsaturated fat supplements in patients who followed a low-fat diet and were administered lovastatin. DESIGN. Randomized, crossover design, with three periods in the first study and four in the second study, each lasting 6 weeks. SETTING. Cholesterol Research Center. PATIENTS. The first study evaluated adults with total cholesterol levels between 200 and 280 mg/dl (5.172 and 7.241 mmol/L). The second study included adults with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels above 160 mg/dl (4.138 mmol/L). INTERVENTIONS. Fat supplements with either coconut or canola oil were delivered to patients in oatmeal-raisin cookies. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS. In the validation study, patients' mean prerandomization total cholesterol level of 222 mg/dl was reduced to 213 mg/dl with canola oil and increased to 233 mg/dl with coconut oil cookies (p = 0.0038). In the second study the mean prerandomization total cholesterol level of 214 mg/dl was decreased to 199 mg/dl with canola oil and to 208 mg/dl with coconut oil cookies (p = 0.2342). The LDL cholesterol levels changed in a similar fashion in both studies. CONCLUSIONS. Changes in total and LDL cholesterol levels in the validation study were expected based on established effects of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, but changes in these levels in lovastatin-cookie study were not expected. They could have occurred because lovastatin reversed the effect of saturated fats and enhanced the effect of unsaturated fats. Alternatively, they may have been due to enhanced bioavailability of lovastatin when administered with a high-fat diet. These findings must be confirmed. |
| The effect of synchronization on estrus and pregnancy in sheep and on levels of thyroxine, triiodothyronine, 17 beta-estradiol, progesterone and cholesterol Bekeova, E., M. Krajnicakova, et al. (1991), Vet Med (Praha) 36(7): 433-44. Abstract: Knowledge of pathogenesis of sexual dysfunctions at altered thyroid activity is limited by the knowledge of multiple and ubiquitous action of its hormones throughout the organism. One of the possibilities of modulatory influence of thyroid hormones on sexual functions can be realized through the participation of thyroxine and triiodothyronine in the synthesis and metabolism of primary substrate of steroid synthesis--cholesterol. The presented work is aimed at the study of simultaneous dynamic changes of concentrations of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), 17 beta-estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4) and cholesterol (Chol) during synchronization of the rutting period and gravidity at parallel correlative evaluation of mutual relations of the followed parameters in ten Merino sheep in the seasonal period. Synchronization was achieved by chlorsuperlutin (Agelin--vaginal swabs, Spofa; 20 mg of chlorsuperlutin/swab) and PMSG (500 I. U./animal). Blood was sampled by means of a jugular vein puncture at the time of swab insertion (-13th day) and after three (-10th day) and seven (-7th day) following days, at the removal of swabs and application of PMSG (-3rd day), on the day of insemination (zero day), on the 7th, 14th and 17th day and in the middle of the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th month of gravidity. In the phase of oestrus synchronization a significant increase of E2 concentrations on days -7 and -3 of the experiment (0.47 +/- 0.079 and 0.542 +/- 0.177 nmol.l-1 of serum, P less than 0.001; P less than 0.001) was observed compared to the E2 values on day -13 (0.084 +/- 0.036 nmol.l-1 of serum). Parallel to these observations, marked intermittent changes of T4 (Tab. I, Graph 1) were recorded with the lowest values of this parameter observed on days -10 (41.75 +/- 20.23, P less than 0.05) and -3 (50.22 +/- 18.77, P less than 0.05) and the highest on day -7 (96.77 +/- 17.51 nmol.l-1, P less than 0.01) and day zero (85.40 +/- 19.59 nmol.l-1 of serum, P less than 0.05) in comparison with the -13th day (67.22 +/- 18.29 nmol.l-1 of serum). Concentrations of P4 (Tab. I, Graph 4) declined to the lowest values on day zero observation (0.09 +/- 0.08 nmol.l-1 of serum, P less than 0.05 vs 3.40 +/- 3.61 nmol.l-1 on day -13). No significant changes of concentrations of T3 (Tab. I, Graph 2) and Chol (Tab. I, Graph 5) were observed during oestrus synchronization. During gravidity, concentrations of E2 (Tab. I Graph 3) showed an increasing trend compared to the -13th day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) |
| The effect of tamoxifen and hormone replacement therapy on serum cholesterol, bone mineral density and coagulation factors in healthy postmenopausal women participating in a randomised, controlled tamoxifen prevention study Chang, J., T. J. Powles, et al. (1996), Ann Oncol 7(7): 671-5. Abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in women who have been treated for breast cancer remains controversial. The addition of tamoxifen may protect these women from any proliferative effect of exogenous oestrogen on the breast. The aim of this analysis was to determine if tamoxifen and HRT may be safely administered together. METHODS: We studied the interaction between HRT and tamoxifen on serum cholesterol, fibrinogen, antithrombin III (AT III) and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal healthy women enrolled in a randomised tamoxifen chemoprevention trial. RESULTS: Tamoxifen decreased serum cholesterol by a mean of 13% from pretreatment values (n = 153). The addition of HRT to tamoxifen did not result in further reduction in serum cholesterol (n = 20). HRT alone led to a reduction of serum cholesterol by a mean of 5% in 14 women on placebo. The addition of tamoxifen to HRT resulted in further reduction in serum cholesterol by a mean of 7% (n = 44). Significant reductions of plasma fibrinogen by 14% and AT III by 8% were seen in women who received tamoxifen. There were no further significant changes in these coagulation factors in women on tamoxifen/HRT combinations. Tamoxifen resulted in an annual increase in BMD of the femur and spine by 2% and 1.5%, respectively, when compared to placebo (n = 38). The addition of HRT to tamoxifen resulted in further 2% annual increase in BMD of the femur. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that there were no significant adverse intereactions with tamoxifen and HRT in this small series of patients. The combination results in a reduction of serum cholesterol, increase in BMD especially in the femur and appears not to have any adverse effect on coagulation factors. Multicentre studies should be conducted to evaluate the effect of this combination on relieving menopausal symptoms, disease relapse and overall survival in women who have received treatment for breast cancer. |
| The effect of tamoxifen treatment on serum cholesterol fractions in breast cancer women Dziewulska-Bokiniec, A., J. Wojtacki, et al. (1994), Neoplasma 41(1): 13-6. Abstract: Serum levels of total, free, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol were determined in 45 postmenopausal breast cancer women treated with tamoxifen (TAM) from 6 to 73 months (mean duration of TAM treatment was 21.3 months) as an adjuvant therapy after mastectomy, and in the control group of 33 breast cancer women at the time of diagnosis before any treatment. The mean age of patients was 63 years in the TAM treated group and 70 years in the untreated breast cancer patients. TAM treated patients were found to have significantly lower concentration of serum total cholesterol (5.43 mmol/l vs. 6.44 mmol/l; p < 0.02) and LDL-cholesterol (3.54 mmol/l vs. 4.32 mmol/l; p < 0.01). There were 8 (18%) hypercholesterolemic patients in the TAM treated group vs. 13 (39%) in the untreated breast cancer patients (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed in serum concentrations of free and HDL-cholesterol in the two evaluated groups. We conclude that the TAM-induced changes in serum lipid concentrations are due to an estrogen-like activity of the agent and the reduction of total and LDL-cholesterol level seems to be an additional advantage of TAM treatment. |
| The effect of taurine on cholesterol degradation in mice fed a high-cholesterol diet Chen, W., K. Matuda, et al. (2004), Life Sci 74(15): 1889-98. Abstract: The hypocholesterolemic effect of taurine was examined in mice fed a high-cholesterol diet containing 1% cholesterol and 0.25% sodium cholate. Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into 3 groups: control group (HC), 1% taurine-supplemented group (HCT+), and taurine-deficient group (HCT-) produced by supplying 0.5% guanidinoethyl sulfonate (GES) solution ad libitum instead of water. After they were fed with the respective diet or drinking water for 4 weeks, the liver taurine level was reduced 80% in the HCT- group compared with that in the HC group, although there was no difference in the serum taurine amount between the two groups. The formation ratio of cholesterol gallstones increased from 71% to 100% by taurine deficiency, and decreased to 0% by taurine supplementation. Compared with the HC group, serum and liver cholesterol significantly decreased, and the excretion of fecal bile acid notably rose in the HCT+ group but tended to lower in the HCT- group. There were no differences in LDL receptor protein level among the three groups. In the subsequent experiment, triglycerides (TG) secretion rate was determined and found to be significantly suppressed by taurine supplementation. In conclusion, it is suggested that taurine does not up-regulate LDL receptor protein level, and the decrease in cholesterol in the circulation is mainly due to its suppressive effect on TG secretion from the liver. |
| The effect of taurine on plasma cholesterol concentration in genetic type 2 diabetic GK rats Nishimura, N., C. Umeda, et al. (2002), J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 48(6): 483-90. Abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of taurine on the plasma cholesterol concentration in genetic type 2 diabetic rats fed cholesterol-free or high-cholesterol diets. Diabetic rats (GK male rats) and normal rats (Wistar male rats) were fed either a cholesterol-free or cholesterol-enriched (1% cholesterol + 0.25% sodium cholate) diet supplemented with or without 3% taurine for 21 or 14 d. Compared to the normal rats, diabetic rats showed a high glucose concentration in their blood and plasma, but it was not affected by taurine feeding. The plasma insulin concentration was higher in the diabetic rats than in the normal rats. At the start of the experiment, the plasma cholesterol concentration was significantly higher in the diabetic rats than in the normal rats. Taurine did not affect the plasma cholesterol level in rats fed the cholesterol-free diet. However, taurine feeding significantly increased the plasma HDL-cholesterol concentration in the diabetic rats fed the cholesterol-free diet. In both the diabetic and normal rats fed the cholesterol diet, the plasma cholesterol concentration was significantly lower in rats fed the diet supplemented with taurine than in the rats fed the control diet. It was concluded that taurine has a hypocholesterolemic effect in both diabetic and normal rats fed diets containing cholesterol. Moreover, these results suggest that taurine seems to affect the HDL-cholesterol metabolism in diabetic rats fed a cholesterol-free diet. |
| The effect of taurine on the cholesterol metabolism in rats fed diets supplemented with cholestyramine or high amounts of bile acid Nishimura, N., C. Umeda, et al. (2003), J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 49(1): 21-6. Abstract: The effects of taurine on serum cholesterol levels and hepatic cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase activity (CYP7A1) were studied in rats fed cholestyramine or high amounts of sodium cholate in order to alter the intestinal pool of bile acids. Rats were fed a diet supplemented with 1% cholesterol and 0.25% sodium cholate (high cholesterol, control; C), and C supplemented with 4% cholestyramine (CH) or 0.75% sodium cholate (BA) for 14 d. Taurine groups were fed the diet supplemented with 3% taurine (CT, CHT and BAT). Compared to rats fed C and BA diets, serum cholesterol levels were significantly reduced in rats fed CT and BAT diets, but a significant reduction of serum cholesterol by taurine feeding was not observed in the CHT group as compared to the CH group. An increase in hepatic CYP7A1 activity due to taurine intake was observed in the CT and BAT groups. However, the simultaneous administration of cholestyramine and taurine (CHT group) did not increase hepatic CYP7A1 activity compared the intake of cholestyramine only (CH group). A significant increase in fecal bile acid excretion due to taurine intake was found only in rats fed the CT diet. In conclusion, it is suggested that taurine facilitates hepatic CYP7A1 activity regardless of the enlarged intestinal pool of bile acids due to increased intake of exogenous bile acid, and then reduces the serum cholesterol concentration. |
| The effect of testosterone aromatization on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level and postheparin lipolytic activity Zmuda, J. M., M. C. Fahrenbach, et al. (1993), Metabolism 42(4): 446-50. Abstract: Stanozolol, an oral 17 alpha-alkylated androgen, increases hepatic triglyceride lipase activity (HTGLA) and decreases high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, whereas intramuscular testosterone has comparatively little effect. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that aromatization of androgen to estrogen blunts the lipid and lipase effects of exogenous testosterone. Fourteen male weightlifters received testosterone enanthate (200 mg/wk intramuscularly), the aromatase inhibitor testolactone (250 mg four times per day), or both drugs together in a randomized cross-over design. Serum testosterone level increased during all three drug treatments, whereas estradiol level increased only with testosterone alone (+47%, P <.05), demonstrating that testolactone effectively inhibited testosterone aromatization. Testosterone decreased HDL-C(-16%, P <.05), HDL2-C(-23%, NS), and apoprotein (apo) A-I (-12%, P <.05) levels, effects that were consistently but not significantly greater with simultaneous testosterone and testolactone administration (HDL-C, -20%; HDL2-C, -30%; apo A-I, -15%; P <.05 for all). In contrast, both testosterone regimens decreased HDL3-C levels by 13% (P <.05 for both). HTGLA increased 21% during testosterone treatment and 38% during combined testosterone and testolactone treatment (P <.01 for both). Lipoprotein lipase activity (LPLA) increased only during combined testosterone and testolactone treatment (+31%, P <.01), suggesting that estrogen production may counteract the effects of testosterone on LPLA. Testolactone alone had little effect on any lipid, lipoprotein, apoprotein, or lipase concentration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) |
| The effect of the blood serum cholesterol level on the late prognosis of stenocardia in men 40-59 years old without arterial hypertension Prazdnov, A. S. (1998), Ter Arkh 70(8): 11-4. Abstract: AIM: To investigate effects of total cholesterol levels in the serum (TC) on angina pectoris (AP) lethality in males. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study of 112 males aged 40-59 years with AP without myocardial infarction and blood hypertension lasted for 30-35 years. The examination included determination of lipid-protein blood spectrum, ECG at rest and exercise, other tests. By initial TC levels 98 patients were divided into 2 equal subgroups. Causes of death were ascertained at autopsy (72.0%) or records or regional death and birth registration offices were used. Reliable information was obtained for 98 of 112 patients (87.5%). RESULTS: At the end of the study 8 of 98 patients were alive (8.2%). In the subgroup with low TC, 2 patients were alive, 47 decreased patients lived, on the average, 69.4 +/- 1.4 years. In the subgroup with high TC, 6 patients were alive, 43 died at the age 71.2 +/- 1.4 years. CONCLUSION: Individual approach rather than populational is needed for correction of total cholesterol in middle-age and elderly patients with angina pectoris. |
| The effect of the mineral composition of the diet on cholesterol metabolic indices and the experimental correction of propranolol-induced atherogenic dyslipoproteinemia Shtrygol, S. (1995), Eksp Klin Farmakol 58(1): 29-31. Abstract: Rat experiments have revealed that surplus sodium chloride intake causes dyslipoproteinemia and intensifies the atherogenic action of propranolol. The new antihypertensive and antiedematous table salt substitute, as sanasole exerts its hypocholesterolemic effect. Both dietary salt mixtures eliminates the atherogenic action of beta-adrenoblocker. The application of table salt substitutes may become a convenient and effective agent against risk for atherogenesis. |
| The effect of thiazide therapy on glucose, insulin and cholesterol metabolism and of glucose on potassium: results of a cross-sectional study in patients from the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program Langford, H. G., G. Cutter, et al. (1990), J Hum Hypertens 4(5): 491-500. Abstract: Fasting and one hour post-glucose load blood samples were obtained from 497 participants in the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program (HDFP), 79.8% of whom were on antihypertensive therapy at the time of their five-year examination. Major findings include a positive correlation between glucose/insulin ratio and serum potassium (P = 0.0014) and a weaker negative correlation between fasting insulin and serum potassium (P = 0.004). These data are compatible with a primary effect of hypokalaemia producing insulin 'resistance'. In addition, the glucose load was followed by a mean reduction in serum potassium of 0.135 +/- 0.525 meq/l (P less than 0.001). Twenty percent of participants experienced a drop of more than 0.5 meq/l. Cholesterol was associated with the fasting glucose/insulin ratio (P less than 0.032). The results are compatible with the hypothesis that prevention of hypokalaemia may prevent certain metabolic effects attributed to thiazide. |
| The effect of thymosin fraction 5 on lipid peroxidation in rabbits fed a high-cholesterol diet Gokkucu, C. and H. Oz (1991), Horm Metab Res 23(3): 110-2. Abstract: Plasma and erythrocyte lipid levels and susceptibility of erythrocytes to lipid peroxidation were determined in rabbits fed diet containing 2% (w/w) cholesterol, for 3 months. Hypercholesterolemic rabbits had high plasma and erythrocyte lipid peroxide levels as compared to control rabbits. After high-cholesterol diet, the rabbits in the experimental group were divided into two groups. The first group was fed a normal diet for 21 days and the second group was given normal diet plus thymosin F5 injections every other day for the same period. At the end of this period, plasma and erythrocyte lipid peroxide levels were significantly decreased in the group injected with thymosin F5. |
| The effect of unsaturated dietary fatty acids on the distribution of cholesterol in individual lipoprotein fractions and on serum lipids of rats Kirchgessner, M., H. P. Roth, et al. (1993), Z Ernahrungswiss 32(1): 38-45. Abstract: In six groups of nine young Sprague-Dawley rats each, the coconut fat used in the basal diet (group I) was replaced to 60% by pure oleic acid (group II) or linoleic acid (group III), respectively, by 0.6% of alpha-linolenic acid (IV), eicosatrienoic acid (V) and eicosapentaenoic acid (VI). A 60% replacement of the coconut fat in the basal diet by pure oleic acid, respectively, by 0.6% of eicosapentaenoic acid or eicosatrienoic acid significantly decreased the total cholesterol concentration in serum by 21% (HDL -28%; LDL -15%; VLDL -48%), respectively, 19% (HDL -12%; LDL -42%; VLDL +69%) or 15% (HDL -11%; LDL -21%) and the total free cholesterol concentration by 22% (HDL -27%), respectively, 41% (HDL -31%; LDL -66%) or 23% (HDL -21%; LDL -31%). The substitution of the coconut fat by 60% oleic acid or 0.6% alpha-linoleic acid had no influence on the total and total free cholesterol concentration in serum, though in the LDL-fraction a significant decrease of cholesterol could always be found. The concentrations of free fatty acids in serum were not influenced by the unsaturated dietary fatty acids while the phospholipid concentration was reduced by linoleic acid (-15%) and by eicosapentaenoic acid (-18%). The triglyceride content in serum was decreased by linoleic acid (-29%) and by eicosatrienoic acid (-25%). |
| The effect of verapamil and nifedipine on acid-base and electrolyte disorders induced by cholesterol in rabbits Holub, P., P. Svec, et al. (1992), Bratisl Lek Listy 93(11): 595-8. Abstract: The influence of cholesterol atherogenic diet on the acid-base balance and electrolyte profile was investigated in rabbit blood and the effect of simultaneous administration of verapamil and nifedipine on the induced changes was evaluated. Cholesterol diet resulted in significant metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia, and a slight decrease in plasma ionized calcium. On the other hand, longterm treatment with verapamil and nifedipine exhibited their protective effect, with the acid-base status and electrolyte profile maintained within the normal range. The protective effect of verapamil and nifedipine against cholesterol induced acid-base and electrolyte disturbances appears to be associated with their antiatherogenic activity. (Fig. 5, Ref. 10.). |