| For medical practitioners and the general public - Cholesterol Journal Article Catalog. |
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| Blood cholesterol and non-coronary mortality Smith, G. D. (1993), Coron Artery Dis 4(10): 860-6. |
| Blood cholesterol and triglycerides in adolescents during sexual development McColl, P., M. Amador, et al. (1991), Rev Chil Pediatr 62(1): 14-7. Abstract: Cholesterol and triglyceride Serum concentrations were studied in 152 normal adolescents (53 males and 99 females) at an adolescent's health center at Valparaiso, Chile. Total cholesterol serum levels ranged from 120 mg/dl (10th percentile) throughout 220 mg.dl (90th percentile) and 20.4% of values for blood cholesterol were above 200 mg/dl. Triglyceride serum concentrations ranged from 57 mg/dl (10th percentile) throughout 161 mg/dl (90th percentile) and 11.9% of samples triglyceride levels above 150 mg/dl. There was only a slight tendency of association between breast stages 4 and 5 according to Tanner and high cholesterol serum levels. There were positive relationships between cholesterol serum levels and body mass index (p < 0.001) and also with family history of coronary heart disease (p < 0.02). |
| Blood cholesterol and walnut consumption: a cross-sectional survey in France Lavedrine, F., D. Zmirou, et al. (1999), Prev Med 28(4): 333-9. Abstract: BACKGROUND: The preventive role of polyunsaturated fatty acids in cardiovascular disease has been recognized. We conducted a cross-sectional study to assess the association between walnut consumption (oil and kernel) as a source of polyunsaturated fatty acids and blood lipid levels. METHODS: Seven hundred ninety-three persons, males and females, ages 18-65 years, living in a walnut production area (Dauphine, France) attended health screening visits organized by the Agriculture Social Security. Past diet (1-year recall, including walnut and animal fat consumption) and cardiovascular risk factors were ascertained using food frequency questionnaires. For each participant a blood sample was taken to measure HDL, LDL, and total cholesterol; apo A1; and apo B. RESULTS: A high level of HDL cholesterol and apo A1 was associated with a high amount of walnut consumption (oil and kernel) in the regular diet, with a positive trend with increasing degree of walnut consumption. This association did not appear to be confounded by dietary animal fat and alcohol as measured in this study. Other blood lipids did not show significant associations with walnut consumption. CONCLUSION: The positive effect of walnut consumption on blood HDL cholesterol and apo A1 is of special interest since these lipid parameters have been shown to be negatively correlated with cardiovascular morbidity. |
| Blood cholesterol concentration: fingerstick plasma vs venous serum sampling Greenland, P., N. L. Bowley, et al. (1990), Clin Chem 36(4): 628-30. Abstract: To assess whether venous and fingerstick blood samples yield similar cholesterol concentrations, we obtained both types of samples simultaneously in 108 volunteers participating in a cholesterol screening program. All samples were analyzed by the same enzymatic method in a standardized laboratory, and pairs of simultaneous samples were measured in the same laboratory run. Cholesterol concentrations in fingerstick-derived plasma were consistently higher than in the venous serum (P less than 0.0001), by a positive bias averaging 3.6%. Cholesterol values in fingerstick plasma also were higher than cholesterol results for venous serum placed in a capillary collection tube (average bias +2.4%). The positive bias of fingerstick plasma vs venous serum results appears to be at least partly due to specimen handling, although a true physiological difference between venous and fingerstick cholesterol concentrations is probably also involved. If a positive bias of this magnitude from fingerstick blood sampling is left unadjusted, substantial numbers of people will be labeled "at risk" and referred to physicians when their true values were actually within the acceptable range. |
| Blood cholesterol in patients with cancer Simo Camps, E., A. Orti Llaveria, et al. (1998), An Med Interna 15(7): 363-6. Abstract: In a retrospective, descriptive and observational study realized between 1995 and January 1997 the seric levels cholesterol of 610 patients with cancer and 61 healthy ones, who were used as controls were revised. The serum cholesterol observed in the patients with cancer were lower than the ones observed in the healthy controls. These differences show and statistical significance. We could see in our study that cholesterol were lower in patients with disseminate disease than in the ones with localize disease and that had and statistical value. The number of patients included in each type of tumor, the seric cholesterol were lower than the ones obtained in the control group apart from the patients with metastasis in and unknown origin tumor which have not been significant. |
| Blood cholesterol in women Arca, M. (1992), Ann Ist Super Sanita 28(3): 355-63. Abstract: The distribution of blood lipids is described and their role as cardiovascular risk factors in women is discussed. The determinants of serum cholesterol levels are identified in genes, in particular in changes of codes for LDL and HDL; in habitual food intake as polyunsaturated and saturated fats. Obesity, jointed by atherogenic lipoproteins as total and LDL-cholesterol, is considered a risk factor independently on smoking habit or age. Finally the role of menopause in changing lipoprotein levels and in increasing cardiovascular risk is reported. |
| Blood cholesterol is causally related to atherosclerosis Frohlich, J. J. (1994), Cardiovasc Res 28(4): 574. |
| Blood cholesterol is causally related to atherosclerosis Hugenholtz, P. G. (1994), Cardiovasc Res 28(4): 576-7. |
| Blood cholesterol is causally related to atherosclerosis Oliver, M. (1994), Cardiovasc Res 28(4): 577. |
| Blood cholesterol is not causally related to atherosclerosis Sutter, M. C. (1994), Cardiovasc Res 28(4): 575. |
| Blood cholesterol level and prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia in developing countries: a review of population-based studies carried out from 1979 to 2002 Fuentes, R., T. Uusitalo, et al. (2003), Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 10(6): 411-9. Abstract: BACKGROUND: While the age-specific rates of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are declining in many developed countries, the epidemic is accelerating in most developing countries. Elevated serum total cholesterol (TC) is one of the major risk factors for atherosclerotic CVD. This review was carried out to describe the current situation in mean TC and in the prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia in developing countries. DESIGN AND METHODS: A search for papers published in medical journals from 1990 to 2002 was performed using the MEDLINE database. A total of 37 articles were selected according to previously defined criteria containing information on mean blood total cholesterol and/or hypercholesterolaemia from 38 developing countries. RESULTS: Hypercholesterolaemia is a public health problem in most of the developing countries reviewed. A positive association between the population mean TC and the GNP per capita was evidenced. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in methodology between national surveys make international comparisons difficult. Nevertheless, low-cost dietary interventions and the development of primary prevention strategies are needed to reduce the already existing public health problem of elevated TC in developing countries. |
| Blood cholesterol levels and mortality in cancer Ginter, E. (1990), Bratisl Lek Listy 91(1): 70-6. Abstract: Prospective studies carried out in different parts of the world, with the most extensive one comprising 360,00 American men followed up over a period of 7-8 years, have found that the total serum cholesterol level correlates inversely with subsequent mortality for cancer. On excluding the first years following the determination of cholesterol level this inverse relationship decreases or disappears completely. The cholesterol level keeps decreasing for at least two years prior to death caused by cancer. Patients suffering from a malignant process are frequently found to have very low cholesterol levels and that even when they are in a good nutritional condition. The effect of the preclinical stage of cancer on the metabolism of plasma lipoproteins is presumed to account for the inverse correlation observed between cholesterol level and cancer. The rapidly multiplying cancer cells require great amounts of cholesterol to build up their new membranes and therefore increase the activity of receptors binding plasma low-density lipoproteins (LDL). This mechanism speeds up the transfer of plasma cholesterol into cancer cells. According to some reports increased cholesterol supply by food enhances the risk of cancer both in humans and experimental animals. Changes in the nutritional pattern aimed at preventing ischemic heart disease (reduced intake of satured animal fat and cholesterol) may be associated with a lower risk for malignancy. |
| Blood cholesterol levels in 2000 adolescents: results of five years of screening Bestagini, P., A. Cippelletti, et al. (1997), Ann Ig 9(6): 463-74. |
| Blood cholesterol levels of 32-year-old alcohol consumers are better than of nonconsumers Koppes, L. L., J. W. Twisk, et al. (2000), Pharmacol Biochem Behav 66(1): 163-7. Abstract: Blood cholesterol levels are expected to be important factors in the causal pathway between alcohol consumption and CHD. The relation between alcohol consumption and blood cholesterol levels is investigated in 130 men and 145 women aged 32.4 years old (+/-1.0), from the Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study. When controlled for gender, cholesterol levels at age 13.1 years, and lifestyle at adult age (smoking, physical activity, dietary habits), no significant differences were found for total cholesterol (TC) levels between alcohol consumers and nonconsumers. Serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels were 0.12 mmol/l higher in subjects consuming >/=100 grams of alcohol per week than in nonconsumers (p < 0.05). Regression coefficients of subjects consuming 10 to 50, or 50 to 100 g alcohol per week did not differ statistically from those of nonconsumers. The positive relation between alcohol consumption and serum HDL was modified by smoking (found in nonsmokers, but not in smokers). No differences between beer, wine, and spirits were found for their relation with serum HDL. In conclusion, 32.4-year-old nonsmoking subjects who consumed >/=100 g of alcohol per week had improved HDL levels compared with nonconsumers, whereas the protective effect of drinking smaller amounts of alcohol did not reach statistical significance. |
| Blood cholesterol lowering Crouch, M. A. (1991), J Am Board Fam Pract 4(3): 195-8. |
| Blood cholesterol measurement in young adults Lane, D. M. (1993), Jama 270(8): 936; author reply 937-8. |
| Blood cholesterol measurement in young adults Lewis, C., T. A. Pearson, et al. (1993), Jama 270(8): 936-7; author reply 937-8. |
| Blood cholesterol measurement in young adults Tobert, J. A. (1993), Jama 270(8): 936; author reply 937-8. |
| Blood cholesterol profile of the Lebanese population Hirbli, K., W. Barakat-el Khoury, et al. (1990), Diabete Metab 16(5): 435-40. Abstract: During survey of a representative sample of the lebanese population, serum cholesterol level was determined on 913 persons. Mean cholesterol level was found to be 225.6 mg%. After mean adjustment for age, mean cholesterol for the entire lebanese population ages 10 years or more would be 201.1 mg%, mean HDL-cholesterol level 46.5 mg% and the average total cholesterol over HDL-cholesterol ratio 4.7. It is noteworthy that 68.8% of our population have a serum cholesterol level higher than 200 mg%. |
| Blood cholesterol screening in several environments using a portable, dry-chemistry analyzer and fingerstick blood samples. Lipid Research Clinics Cholesterol Screening Study Group Bradford, R. H., P. S. Bachorik, et al. (1990), Am J Cardiol 65(1): 6-13. Abstract: A multicenter study of blood cholesterol screening was performed in several typical environments, such as community sites (shopping malls and a supermarket), health care sites, work sites, a blood bank and a school. Cholesterol was measured with a portable, dry-chemistry analyzer using capillary blood obtained by fingerstick. Data are reported from a total of 13,824 participants, spanning the entire age spectrum. Overall, 25% of screened subjects had blood cholesterol levels above the age-specific cutpoints used in the current study. Although in the aggregate this screening experience very closely approximates the expected level of referrals, the proportion of referred screened subjects differed significantly among the 5 types of screening environments and by gender. Follow-up telephone interviews indicated that 53% of referrals had initiated a physician contact. More than 75% of those who had seen a physician reported that the diagnosis of hypercholesterolemia had been confirmed, and almost 72% had been prescribed a diet. A large proportion of referred screened subjects reported having modified their diet, particularly when recommended to do so by a physician. This study has yielded encouraging evidence that physicians gave referred screened subjects appropriate initial advice for managing hypercholesterolemia. The new technology for blood cholesterol measurement evaluated in the current study has proven to be a feasible and reliable means for measuring blood cholesterol in typical screening settings. |