| For medical practitioners and the general public - Cholesterol Journal Article Catalog. |
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| Cholesterol levels and sensory characteristics of meat from broilers consuming moderate to high levels of alfalfa Ponte, P. I., I. Mendes, et al. (2004), Poult Sci 83(5): 810-4. Abstract: There is an urgent need in industrialized societies to develop novel products that can lower human dietary cholesterol intake. Dehydrated alfalfa is a good source of hypocholesterolemic compounds such as saponins. Whether consumption of alfalfa by chickens would decrease the cholesterol content of broiler meat remains, however, to be established. We determined meat quality characteristics, lipid and cholesterol contents, and consumer preference of broiler meat derived from production systems based on restricted feeding of a commercial diet combined with provision of free-choice dehydrated alfalfa. Results demonstrated that it was possible to produce chicken breast meat with reduced cholesterol content. In addition, total lipids in chicken meat were significantly decreased when a higher level of restriction was applied. Members of a 50-person consumer panel preferred meat from animals not consuming or consuming moderate levels of alfalfa. Those members that preferred meat from animals consuming the higher percentage of alfalfa identified taste as the primary attribute influencing that decision. Together the results suggest that it is possible to develop novel broiler production systems that will produce leaner meat that is acceptable to consumers and has a reduced cholesterol content. |
| Cholesterol levels and the benefit of statins in heart failure Lakoumentas, J. A., T. G. Dimitroula, et al. (2005), Hell J Cardiol 46(3): 226-31. |
| Cholesterol levels in 1,084 healthy New Orleans males Simopoulos, D. N., J. Ratliff, et al. (1993), J La State Med Soc 145(8): 346-51. Abstract: It is widely recognized that elevated cholesterol levels constitute a major risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Most of the previous surveys conducted in an effort to learn more about incidence of hypercholesterolemia involved patients who had other concurrent risk factors such as hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus, cigarette smoking, or a history of myocardial infarction. Relatively few studies have been conducted in younger populations or in healthy individuals. Because we had access to baseline cholesterol data on 1,084 relatively young, otherwise completely healthy, nonobese males, we elected to determine the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in this population. Elevated cholesterol levels (> 200 mg/dL) were found in 25.2% of our healthy subjects. These findings help to confirm the presence of a potentially serious public health problem existing among otherwise healthy, relatively young men in our community. |
| Cholesterol levels in children: a matter of confusion Brotons, C., R. Gabriel, et al. (2001), Med Clin (Barc) 116(15): 598. |
| Cholesterol levels in children: a matter of confusion Gomez Gerique, J. A. (2000), Med Clin (Barc) 115(17): 658-60. |
| Cholesterol levels in children: to screen or not to screen Purcell, A. C., E. O'Brien, et al. (1996), J Pediatr Nurs 11(1): 40-4. Abstract: Universal screening and targeted screening are the two approaches used in pediatric practice to identify children with elevated cholesterol levels. This study reports total cholesterol levels in 415 2-year-old children and the relationship of these results to risk factors. Based on these data, universal screening for total cholesterol (TC) does not appear to be necessary. Targeted screening for TC may be the more practical method for identifying children with dangerously high TC elevations. |
| Cholesterol levels in circulating immune complexes in patients with carotid artery stenosis Akopov, S., A. Nazarian, et al. (1992), J Neurol 239(4): 235-6. |
| Cholesterol levels in general practice Tribe, P. (1994), Aust Fam Physician 23(4): 690-3. Abstract: In a GP setting of 2679 patients aged over 20 years, at least one cholesterol reading was known for 529 (20%). Of 1087 lipid estimations in 10 years the average cholesterol was 6.33 (SD 1.45). All 523 were given appropriate dietary advice and 40 (18%) were also given pharmacological agent(s) as well. Of 211 patients who had more than one reading done, an overall reduction of 6.4% in cholesterol was achieved and maintained for a sustained period of 3.2 years on average. |
| Cholesterol levels in Italian school children: results of an opportunistic survey Angelico, F., M. Hurtova, et al. (2000), Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 10(1): 24-7. Abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: A high prevalence of elevated serum total cholesterol (TC) levels has been described among Italian children. Universal screenings for TC have been suggested, though present recommendations are in favour of more selective and opportunistic surveys. Aim of the study was to assess TC distribution among 13-year-old schoolchildren in Central Italy. Further aim was to evaluate the indications for universal, selective or opportunistic screenings for TC. METHODS AND RESULTS: Children were examined opportunistically within a permanent screening programme for Mediterranean anemia carried out in the Lazio Region. TC was measured by dry chemistry in 3734 boys and 3644 girls aged 13 years from 77 schools in 37 municipalities. Results were grouped for 8 geographically and demographically similar areas. Mean TC was 137.6 mg/dl in boys and 144.3 mg/dl in girls. Desirable levels (< 170 mg/dl) were observed in about 90% of the children and fewer than 2% displayed levels indicative of genetic hypercholesterolemia (> 200 mg/dl). However, in two areas mainly populated by descendants from Northern Italy mean TC was remarkably high (158.7 and 152.2 mg/dl in boys and 164.5 and 160.0 in girls) and the percentage with desirable levels dropped to 68.6% and 74.7%. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show average good TC levels among Italian schoolchildren in Central Italy. This is probably due to their traditional Mediterranean diet. It can thus be suggested that only selective and/or opportunistic screenings for TC are indicated. However, in some areas where fewer children have desirable levels and almost 30% require dietary education, large-scale screenings are highly recommended. |
| Cholesterol levels in lipoproteins and various intake of amino acids in an experiment Krajcovicova-Kudlackova, M. and P. Bobek (1994), Vet Med (Praha) 39(7): 423-34. Abstract: In the conditions of physiological nutrient content and variable amino-acid mixtures made of casein K, gluten G and KG combination (1:1, standard diet), the 10-week effect of amino acids (until the age of 105 days, end of maturation stage) was investigated in growing rats with respect to protein utilization (net protein ratio) and to the values of lipid parameters at the end of the experiment (cholesterol, triacylglycerols, atherogenic indexes, cholesterol distribution into lipoprotein classes). A significant decrease in NPR for gluten, an insignificant decrease for casein in the growth period are related to the amino acid score of limiting amino acids--they determine rate of proteosynthesis and potential biological value--amount percentage of amino acids of the given diet for plastic processes of proteins (AS for KG 69, for K 67, for G 28; BHp for KG 83.1, for K 70.0, for G 54.1). Since day 105 amino acid utilization is balanced in all groups, hence it does not depend upon the quality of aminograms (lower rate of proteosynthesis in comparison with the growth period, for which the values of limiting amino acids are sufficiently high). Significantly decreased values of cholesterolemia and triacylglycerolemia for gluten food, insignificantly higher values for casein food, are in direct correlations with the values of Lys/Arg, Met/Arg, Met, Lys, and in indirect correlations with Arg and Arg+Glu+Gly. Distribution of HDL-cholesterol as a cholesterol percentage in HD lipoproteins is higher by 8.7% for gluten and all atherogenic indexes are significantly decreased in contrast to casein food, in which a slight decrease in HDL-cholesterol and insignificantly higher atherogenic indexes were recorded. |
| Cholesterol levels in mood disorders: high or low? Ghaemi, S. N., G. S. Shields, et al. (2000), Bipolar Disord 2(1): 60-4. Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess cholesterol levels in patients with mood disorders. METHODS: All consecutively admitted patients meeting inclusion criteria (n = 50) who were hospitalized in an affective disorders unit received assessments of cholesterol levels. Correlations were made with diagnosis using DSM-IV criteria, current mood states, and other clinical and demographic features of illness. Exclusion criteria included current alcohol abuse, medical illnesses that could influence cholesterol levels, eating disorders, and age greater than 70 years. RESULTS: Cholesterol levels did not differ based on diagnostic status of unipolar depression or bipolar disorder. In the total sample, cholesterol levels were lower in patients with current manic (170.2 +/- 38.9, p = 0.05) and depressive (182.0 +/- 42.0) than in mixed (226.4 +/- 43.3) episodes (p = 0.05). In subgroups of patients with bipolar disorder, manic episodes (169.9 +/- 38.8, n = 9) were associated with lower cholesterol levels than depressive (201.0 +/- 49.4) or mixed (226.4 +/- 44.4) episodes (p = 0.02 for comparison of manic and mixed episodes). Body mass index (BMI), age, alcohol use, and gender did not account for these findings. CONCLUSIONS: Cholesterol levels were lower in manic and depressive than in mixed episodes. No differences were found between diagnoses of unipolar or bipolar mood disorders. Cholesterol may be a state rather than a trait function, and may be influenced by the acute mood state. |
| Cholesterol levels in normal Irish adults: the Mater Hospital Cholesterol Screening Survey Collier, J. F., S. Maguire, et al. (1996), Ir J Med Sci 165(3): 177-81. Abstract: Serum samples from 954 Irish adults (604 males, 350 females) aged 18 to 65 years were analyzed within 24 hours of receipt for non-fasting total serum cholesterol levels. The subjects were volunteer blood donors (Blood Transfusion Service Board, Pelican House, Dublin) presenting from June 1990 to February 1991. Serum cholesterol increased significantly with age in both males and females. Mean serum cholesterol in males increased from 4.5 (+/- 0.9) mmol/l in those < 25 years, to 5.7 (+/- 1.0) mmol/l at age 55-64 years. In females, mean serum cholesterol increased from 4.3 (+/- 0.9) mmol/l less than 25 years to 6.2 (+/- 0.8) mmol/l at age 55-64 years. Options for reporting cholesterol ranges are discussed. The overall mean cholesterol concentration of 5.1 mmol/l seen in this study is lower than that reported for comparable studies of U.K. and American subjects, but higher than observed in Japanese individuals. Almost 48% of the studied population had a serum cholesterol value less than 5 mmol/l and over 56% had levels less than 5.2 mmol/l. |
| Cholesterol levels in Norwegian adolescents Tell, G. S. (1998), Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 118(18): 2824-5. |
| Cholesterol levels in panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and major depression Lacerda, A. L., D. Caetano, et al. (2000), Arq Neuropsiquiatr 58(2B): 408-11. Abstract: Serum plasma total cholesterol levels were measured in 85 male or female outpatients with panic disorder (PD; N=41), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD; N=23) and major depression (MD; N=21) according to DSM-IV criteria. All the patients had a mean cholesterol level within the normal range; males (N=22) and females (N=63) had approximately the same serum cholesterol levels (p >.05). No significant differences in cholesterol levels emerged between PD, GAD and MD patient groups. Both female PD and female GAD subjects had a mean cholesterol level similar to their male counterparts (p>. 05). It is concluded that both Hayward and colleagues and Bajwa et al. findings could not be replicated by our study. |
| Cholesterol levels in untreated Spanish hypertensive patients. The Compas Study Group, Spanish Hypertension Society Aranda, P., J. L. Rodicio, et al. (1999), Blood Press 8(5-6): 273-8. Abstract: In daily practice, arterial hypertension (AHT) and hypercholesterolaemia are frequently associated with the existence of multiple common etiopathogenic interrelationships. This situation leads to an exponential increase in cardiovascular risk for these patients, so it is essential to know the prevalence and therapeutic management of hypercholesterolaemia in the hypertensive patient. This national study analyses the distribution of total cholesterol levels and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol as well as hypercholesterolaemia prevalence and its therapeutic management in the uncontrolled hypertensive Spanish population. We observed mean total cholesterol levels of 227+/-41 mg/dl with a high prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia (34.2%) among hypertensive patients, and the percentage of those patients with "desirable" total cholesterol levels (<200 mg/dl) was <25%. The treated hypertensive patients presented both significantly higher mean cholesterol levels and greater hypercholesterolaemia prevalence than the untreated hypertensive patients. It appears that total cholesterol levels are scarcely related to the presence or non-presence of obesity, diabetes or smoking. Regarding treatment, only 14.6% of the hypercholesterolaemic hypertensive patients received hypolipaemic treatment with statins. These results support the need to introduce measures for better diagnostic and therapeutic management of hypercholesterolaemic hypertensive patients that will lead to a much higher reduction in cardiovascular risk for these patients. |
| Cholesterol levels in young adults: screen and intervene? Gotto, A. M., Jr. (1994), Hosp Pract (Off Ed) 29(3): 109-10, 115-6. Abstract: Early intervention is cost-effective over the long term: The cost of cholesterol-lowering drugs is easily offset by savings in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Besides, most interventions are dietary, not pharmacologic. |
| Cholesterol levels in young men and women planning conception Czeizel, E., E. Kollega-Tarsoly, et al. (1996), Orv Hetil 137(3): 125-8. Abstract: The purpose of this study is to incorporate the primary prevention of coronary heart disease into a periconception care. Among others total cholesterol was determined in 2610 female and 2307 male participants. The mean (+/- S.D.) of total cholesterol was 4.93 +/- 1.04 in females and 5.20 +/- 1.24 mmol/l in males. Only 7.9% of females and 4.7% of males had previous knowledge about their high total cholesterol. Three month later 1.08 mmol/l (16%) and 1.18 mmol/l (18%) reduction was found in total cholesterol of participants with > 6.5 mmol/l due to education programme including change in diet, to stop smoking, etc. |
| Cholesterol levels linked to abnormal plasma thiol concentrations and thiol/disulfide redox status in hyperlipidemic subjects Kinscherf, R., K. Cafaltzis, et al. (2003), Free Radic Biol Med 35(10): 1286-92. Abstract: Treatment of hyperlipidemic patients with the thiol compound N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was previously shown to cause a significant dose-related increase in the high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol serum level, suggesting the possibility that its disease-related decrease may result from a diminished thiol concentration and/or thiol/disulfide redox status (REDST) in the plasma. We therefore investigated plasma thiol levels and REDST in normo-/hyperlipidemic subjects with and without coronary heart disease (CHD). The thiol level, REDST, and amino acid concentrations in the plasma and intracellular REDST of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) have been determined in 62 normo- and hyperlipidemic subjects. Thirty-three of these subjects underwent coronary angiography, because of clinical symptoms of CHD. All groups of hyperlipidemic patients under test and those normolipidemic individuals with documented coronary stenoses showed a marked decrease in plasma thiol concentrations, plasma and intracellular REDST of PBMCs, and a marked increase in plasma taurine levels. Individual plasma thiol concentrations and plasma REDST were strongly negatively correlated with the serum LDL-cholesterol and positively correlated with the serum HDL-cholesterol level. Together with the earlier report about the effect of NAC on the HDL-cholesterol serum level, our findings suggest strongly that lower HDL-cholesterol serum levels may result from a decrease in plasma thiol level and/or REDST possibly through an excessive cysteine catabolism into taurine. |
| Cholesterol levels long-term after liver transplant Atillasoy, E., A. Gurkan, et al. (1998), Transplant Proc 30(5): 2049-50. |
| Cholesterol levels modulate EGF receptor-mediated signaling by altering receptor function and trafficking Pike, L. J. and L. Casey (2002), Biochemistry 41(32): 10315-22. Abstract: A variety of signal transduction pathways including PI turnover, MAP kinase activation, and PI 3-kinase activation have been shown to be affected by changes in cellular cholesterol content. However, no information is available regarding the locus (or loci) in the pathways that are susceptible to modulation by cholesterol. We report here that depletion of cholesterol with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin increases cell surface (125)I-EGF binding by approximately 40% via a mechanism that does not involve externalization of receptors from an internal pool. Cholesterol depletion also enhances in vivo EGF receptor autophosphorylation 2-5-fold without altering the rate of receptor dephosphorylation. In vitro kinase assays, which are done under conditions where phosphotyrosine phosphatases are inhibited and receptor trafficking cannot occur, demonstrate that treatment with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin leads to an increase in intrinsic EGF receptor tyrosine kinase activity. EGF receptors are localized in cholesterol-enriched lipid rafts but are released from this compartment upon treatment with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin. These data are consistent with the interpretation that localization to lipid rafts partially suppresses the binding and kinase functions of the EGF receptor and that depletion of cholesterol releases the receptor from lipid rafts, relieving the functional inhibition of the receptor. Cholesterol depletion also inhibits EGF internalization and down-regulation of the EGF receptor, and this likely contributes to the enhanced ability of EGF to stimulate downstream signaling pathways such as the activation of MAP kinase. |