Cholesterol Journal Articles

Record 10881 to 10900

Relationship of oxidative stress indices to decreased LDL-cholesterol after acute myocardial infarction
Chamblee, B. B., T. C. Timm, et al. (2000), Clin Biochem 33(5): 423-6.

Relationship of plasma cholesterol level to doses of branch-chain amino acids in sepsis
Chiarla, C., I. Giovannini, et al. (1990), Crit Care Med 18(1): 32-6.
Abstract: Plasma cholesterol levels, plasma lactate, and total body RQ were measured in septic patients undergoing total parenteral nutrition (TPN) with glucose, fat, and two different branch-chain amino acid admixtures (49% BCAA and 16% BCAA). Mean plasma cholesterol for all measurements (2.61 +/- 0.94 SD mmol/L) was lower than normal; however, it was higher with 49% BCAA than with 16% BCAA (2.94 +/- 0.95 vs. 2.27 +/- 0.81 mmol/L, p less than.001) for comparable loads of glucose, fat, and total amino acids. Plasma lactate and RQ were lower with 49% BCAA than with 16% BCAA (p less than.001 for both). Cholesterol was directly related to the absolute dose of BCAA (p less than.001), was unrelated to the dose of non-BCAA, and was inversely related to lactate (p less than.001). These results suggest that BCAA ketoacids contribute to cholesterol synthesis in sepsis, as well as being an oxidative source. The data also suggest that the reduction in alanine in BCAA-enriched amino-acid TPN assists in the lowering of plasma lactate secondary to abnormal septic glucose metabolism.

Relationship of plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein to HDL cholesterol. Studies in normotriglyceridemia and moderate hypertriglyceridemia
Foger, B., A. Ritsch, et al. (1996), Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 16(12): 1430-6.
Abstract: To evaluate the independent effect of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) on HDL concentrations in humans, we measured lipids, lipoproteins, postprandial lipemia after an oral fat load, CETP mass, and the activities of CETP, lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and hepatic lipase in 16 healthy, normotriglyceridemic men and in 23 men with moderate, primary hypertriglyceridemia on an American Heart Association Step I diet. Fasting triglycerides and postprandial lipemia were increased and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) was decreased in hypertriglyceridemic men compared with control subjects (P <.001). In the normotriglyceridemic group, CETP mass (P <.001) and activity (P <.005) were directly related to LPL activity After statistical adjustment for this close association, no significant relationship of CETP to HDL-C independent of LPL activity could be demonstrated in the normotriglyceridemic subjects. In contrast, CETP was unrelated to LPL activity in the hypertriglyceridemic subjects, but CETP concentrations showed a close inverse relationship to HDL-C (r = -.504, P =.014). Structural equation modeling of the association structures between HDL and fasting and postprandial triglycerides, endothelial lipases, and CETP in both groups indicated that the overall regression models for the two groups differed (P <.05). Specifically, the associations between CETP mass and activity and HDL-C differed between both groups (both P <.01). We conclude that high-normal CETP levels lower HDL-C in nonsmoking, nonobese men with moderate, primary hypertriglyceridemia on a hypolipidemic diet, but not in healthy, normotriglyceridemic men on an unrestricted diet. Thus, variation in CETP plasma concentrations may contribute to the high-triglyceride, low-HDL phenotype.

Relationship of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 with plasma insulin, glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol in Chinese patients with diabetes
Ho, C. H. and T. S. Jap (1993), Thromb Res 69(3): 271-7.
Abstract: Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI) activity, plasma insulin, glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) concentrations were determined in 32 Chinese diabetic patients (mean age 61.4 yr) and 41 healthy controls (mean age 64.5 yr) to establish the relationships between these parameters. Insulin, glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly higher in the diabetics, whereas no significant difference of PAI activity was noted between groups. PAI activity was not affected by the increase of plasma insulin, cholesterol, TG or glucose. We have shown that PAI activity in Chinese diabetics was not affected by the common pathologic changes found in diabetes. This might be one of the reasons why fibrinolytic activity is not impaired in Chinese diabetics.

Relationship of serum cholesterol, dietary and plasma beta-carotene with lung cancer in male smokers
Scali, J., C. Astre, et al. (1995), Eur J Cancer Prev 4(2): 169-74.
Abstract: It has been hypothesized that beta-carotene mediates the association between low serum cholesterol levels and increased risk of lung cancer. It follows from this assumption that this association should be greater in population strata with a low intake of beta-carotene than in with those with a high intake. To investigate this hypothesis, we analysed dietary beta-carotene, plasma beta-carotene and serum cholesterol levels in 20 male smokers with lung cancer and 103 male smoking controls, a subsample taken from a larger case-control study on oxidant-antioxidant status. As predicted, we found that the association between low serum cholesterol levels and lung cancer risk was greater in subjects with low plasma beta-carotene. Controlling for plasma beta-carotene decreased but did not negate the magnitude of the inverse association between serum cholesterol and lung cancer. A low serum cholesterol level tended to increase the risk associated with low plasma beta-carotene. Our data suggest that a low plasma beta-carotene does not totally explain the association between serum cholesterol and lung cancer.

Relationship of skeletal muscle fiber type to serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I levels
Tikkanen, H. O., M. Harkonen, et al. (1991), Atherosclerosis 90(1): 49-57.
Abstract: We measured the percentage of slow-twitch (ST) muscle fibers in the lateral portion of the quadriceps femoris muscle in 41 healthy sedentary male controls, 35 active male joggers, and 26 male coronary heart disease (CHD) patients. We then compared these percentages with serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) found in these 102 middle-aged men. The percentage of ST muscle fibers in all men correlated positively with serum HDL-C (r = 0.57, P less than 0.001) and with apo A-I (r = 0.60, P less than 0.001) and negatively with triglycerides (r = -0.43, P less than 0.001). The proportion of ST fibers in joggers (65%; 61-69%, 95% confidence interval) was higher (P less than 0.001) than in sedentary controls (48%; 44-52%) or in CHD patients (44%; 39-49%). Moreover, 89% of the joggers had a proportion of ST fibers higher than 50%, whilst in sedentary controls and in CHD patients these values were 46% and 38%, respectively. Positive correlations were found between the percentage of ST fibers and both HDL-C and apo A-I in controls (r = 0.33, P less than 0.05 and r = 0.34, P less than 0.05) and in joggers (r = 0.46, P less than 0.01, and r = 0.40, P less than 0.05), respectively. Negative correlations in controls (r = -0.34, P less than 0.05) and in CHD patients (r = -0.43, P less than 0.05) were also found between the percentage of ST fibers and serum TG.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Relationship of StAR expression to mitochondrial cholesterol transfer and metabolism
Jefcoate, C. R., I. P. Artemenko, et al. (2000), Endocr Res 26(4): 663-80.
Abstract: Experiments in Y-1 and primary adrenal cells have established that basal StAR mRNA is sufficient for maximum cAMP-stimulated cholesterol metabolism providing that newly synthesized p37 StAR precursor is phosphorylated, transferred to the matrix and proteolytically cleaved to pp30. This form is active at the inner membrane. The majority of mitochondrial StAR redistributes, perhaps with cholesterol, to matrix vesicles but no longer facilitates intermembrane transfer even when appropriately phosphorylated. MA10 cells utilize a similar to Y01 cells mechanism, but sustain a higher rate of cholesterol metabolism at comparable StAR levels and exhibit much higher maximum rates. In Y-1 adrenal cells cholesterol metabolism is fully activated prior to increased StAR expression which then does not affect the rate. Thus factors other than StAR are at least as important in determining overall rates of cholesterol delivery. Following cAMP stimulation StAR is predominantly expressed as the 3.5kb form which arises from alternative polyadenylation following transcription of an extended exon 7. This form contains an AU-rich regulatory element at the 3'-end that potentially mediates the relatively rapid turnover of this form. The 1.6kb form is more stable and reaches a steady state at later time points. Turnover of both forms is coupled tightly to ongoing transcription and translation. In addition to enhanced transcription cAMP appears to direct enhanced turnover of the 3.5kb form. StAR participation in cholesterol metabolism functions at very low levels of mRNA and high efficiency at each step.

Relationship of the hormone-sensitive lipase-mediated modulation of cholesterol metabolism in individual compartments of the testis to serum pituitary hormone and testosterone concentrations in a seasonal breeder, the mink (Mustela vison)
Kabbaj, O., S. R. Yoon, et al. (2003), Biol Reprod 68(3): 722-34.
Abstract: The role of cholesterol differs in the two compartments of the testis. In the interstitial tissue, cholesterol is necessary for the synthesis of testosterone, whereas in the seminiferous tubules, membrane cholesterol content in developing germ cells will influence the gametes' fertility. Here we evaluate the hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) modulation of the cholesterol metabolism in each compartment of the testis. Two HSL immunoreactive bands of 104- and 108-kDa were detected in Western blots performed with polyclonal anti-human HSL antibodies in the interstitial tissue (ITf)- and seminiferous tubule (STf)-enriched fractions generated from testes harvested at 30-day intervals during puberty and, in the adult mink, during the annual seasonal reproductive cycle. Epididymal spermatozoa expressed a 104-kDa HSL isoform, and HSL was active in these cells. Immunolabeling localized HSL to interstitial macrophages; Sertoli cells, where its distribution was stage specific; spermatids; and the equatorial segment of spermatozoa. Total HSL protein levels, specific enzymatic activity, and free cholesterol (FC):esterified cholesterol (EC) ratios varied concomitantly in STf and ITf and reached maximal values in the adult during the period of maximal spermatogenic activity. In STf, HSL-specific activity correlated with FC:EC ratios but not with triglyceride levels. In STf, high HSL-specific activity occurred concomitantly with high FSH serum levels. In ITf, HSL-specific activity was high during periods of low serum prolactin levels and high serum testosterone levels. The results suggest that 1) modulation of cholesterol metabolism in individual testicular compartments may be regulated by HSL isoforms expressed by distinct cells; 2) interstitial macrophages may be part of a system involved in the synthesis of steroid hormones and in the recycling of sterols in the interstitium, whereas in the tubules, recycling could be ensured by Sertoli cells; 3) there is distinctive substrate preference for testicular HSL; and 4) HSL may be the only cholesterol esterase in this location.

Relationship of the levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in blood plasma in racial groups in Cuba
Kal'sines, P. I., O. L. Gonsales, et al. (1991), Vopr Med Khim 37(3): 56-8.
Abstract: Content of cholesterol and total triglycerides was studied in blood plasma of 397 healthy volunteers, 299 of which belonged to white race and 99 persons--to negroid race (mulatto and negroes). Distinct variations were not found in content of total triglycerides in these both groups. However, statistically significant dissimilarity was detected in distribution of hypercholesterolemia as compared with normocholesterolemia and normotriglyceridemia, hypocholesterolemia--with hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia--with normotriglyceridemia in race groups. The same analysis should be performed in "mixed race group" which constitutes the main population of Cuba.

Relationship of triglycerides and HDL cholesterol in hypertriglyceridemia
Avogaro, P., G. Ghiselli, et al. (1992), Atherosclerosis 92(1): 79-86.
Abstract: Hypoalphalipoproteinemia (plasma HDL-cholesterol concentration at or below 35 mg/dl as reported in the National Cholesterol Education Program Guidelines) is a well known risk factor for premature coronary artery disease (CAD). In hypertriglyceridemic patients, hypoalphalipoproteinemia is commonly believed to be linked to the derangement of triglyceride metabolism. In this study the occurrence of primary hypoalphalipoproteinemia has been investigated in a cohort of hypertriglyceridemic patients whose plasma triglyceride concentration had been normalized either through diet or diet plus drug treatment. Following the initial visit, 115 hypertriglyceridemic patients received dietary advice and returned for the second visit four months later. Diet reduced plasma triglycerides in all the patients. HDL-cholesterol increased in 76 patients whereas in the others, it remained unchanged or even decreased. Plasma triglyceride concentration was normalized (less than 200 mg/dl) in 54 patients by diet alone, but among these 11 remained hypoalphalipoproteinemics. Patients in whom, despite dietary restrictions, triglycerides exceeded 200 mg/dl, were considered for pharmacological treatment with Bezafibrate (300 mg t.i.d.) for 4 months. Thirty-nine concluded the study. Treatment significantly decreased plasma triglyceride concentration in all the subjects. Normalization was achieved in 32 patients. Four of them, however, remained hypoalphalipoproteinemic. These results indicate that a subgroup of hypertriglyceridemic patients remained hypoalphalipoproteinemic even after normalization of triglyceride levels. In these patients hypertriglyceridemia and hypoalphalipoproteinemia may occur as expression of two distinct primary metabolic defects.

Relationship of vitamin C status to cholesterol and blood pressure
Jacques, P. F. (1992), Ann N Y Acad Sci 669: 205-13; discussion 213-4.

Relationships among plasma aldosterone, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and insulin in humans
Goodfriend, T. L., B. Egan, et al. (1995), Hypertension 25(1): 30-6.
Abstract: To investigate the pathogenesis of hypertension in patients with obesity and insulin resistance and to explore the role of plasma lipids, we studied 30 subjects at the end of 7 days of low (20 mEq/d) then high (200 mEq/d) sodium diets. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed at the end of each week and blood and urine collected for measurements of plasma aldosterone, renin activity, electrolytes, insulin, and lipoproteins. There was a strong negative correlation between plasma aldosterone and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol during both diets. There were weaker positive correlations between plasma aldosterone and insulin or triglycerides. When the aldosterone-renin ratio was the dependent variable and the correlation controlled for serum potassium, the inverse relationship with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the positive correlation with insulin remained, but only during the high salt diet. Subjects were divided into three groups based on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Subjects with the lowest high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels showed the highest aldosterone, plasma triglycerides, body mass index, and waist-to-hip ratio. Those subjects also demonstrated the greatest resistance to insulin action on glucose and plasma unesterified fatty acids. There was a weak direct correlation between plasma aldosterone and systolic blood pressure during the high salt diet. These data suggest that high aldosterone levels may be a link between dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and hypertension, a relationship made more evident by high salt intake.

Relationships among the variables age, weight, A/B behaviour, cholesterol, ways of coping and blood pressure levels
Smyth, K. A. (1990), J Hum Hypertens 4(2): 116-8.
Abstract: This study investigated the interrelationship between serum cholesterol levels, coping responses, type A/B behaviour and blood pressure. A convenience sample of 191 working women completed a health history which included sociodemographic data and a 'Ways of Coping' checklist. In addition, they underwent a structured interview--for type A/B behaviour and were monitored every minute for blood pressure changes, before, during and after the interview. A stepwise regression revealed that four variables; age, weight, A/B type and cholesterol, explained 22% of variance in blood pressure levels. Further analysis showed that type B's used 'Seeking Social Support' significantly more than type A's.

Relationships between cholesterol homoeostasis and triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein remnant metabolism in the metabolic syndrome
Chan, D. C., G. F. Watts, et al. (2003), Clin Sci (Lond) 104(4): 383-8.
Abstract: The dysmetabolic syndrome of insulin resistance and visceral obesity is characterized by elevated plasma concentration of triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein (TRL) remnants that may be related to increased cardiovascular risk. Perturbed hepato-intestinal cholesterol metabolism may play a contributory role in this abnormality. We therefore investigated the association between plasma markers of cholesterol absorption and synthesis with TRL remnant metabolism in 35 men with the metabolic syndrome (MS). Plasma campesterol:cholesterol and lathosterol:cholesterol ratios were measured as estimates of cholesterol absorption and synthesis respectively. Remnant metabolism was assessed by measuring remnant-like particle-cholesterol (RLP-C), apolipoprotein (apo)B-48 and the fractional catabolic rate (FCR) of a labelled remnant-like emulsion. Compared with controls, subjects with the MS had significantly lower plasma campesterol:cholesterol ratio, but higher lathosterol:cholesterol ratio (P <0.05). Plasma RLP-C and apoB-48 concentrations were also higher (P <0.01) and the remnant-like emulsion FCR was lower (P <0.05). The plasma campesterol:cholesterol ratio was inversely correlated (P <0.05) with plasma triacylglycerols (r =-0.346), RLP-C (r =-0.443), apoB-48 (r =-0.427) and plasma lathosterol:cholesterol ratio (r =-0.366); the campesterol:cholesterol ratio was also positively correlated with the remnant-like emulsion FCR (r =0.398, P <0.05). In multiple regression analysis, the significant correlations between plasma campesterol:cholesterol ratio and plasma triacylglycerols, RLP-C, apoB-48 and FCR of the remnant-like emulsion were independent of age, dietary energy and plasma lathosterol. Our findings suggest that in subjects with the MS alterations in cholesterol absorption and synthesis may be closely linked with the kinetic defects in TRL metabolism.

Relationships between cholesterol, apolipoprotein E polymorphism and dementia: a cross-sectional analysis from the PAQUID study
Bonarek, M., P. Barberger-Gateau, et al. (2000), Neuroepidemiology 19(3): 141-8.
Abstract: This study assesses the cross-sectional relationship between serum cholesterol level and dementia, controlling for apolipoprotein E (apoE) genotype, in a nested case-control study of 334 elderly French subjects aged 73 and over who participated in the PAQUID study (37 demented subjects and 297 nondemented controls). A diagnosis of dementia was established by two-step screening: (1) psychometric testing and DSM-III-R criteria and (2) neurologist's confirmation. Cholesterol, its fractions and apoE genotype were determined from a blood sample. Elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was associated with a significantly decreased risk of dementia, independent of apoE status and other potential confounding variables, suggesting that cholesterol fractions could be involved in both Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia.

Relationships between lipid membrane area, hydrophobic thickness, and acyl-chain orientational order. The effects of cholesterol
Ipsen, J. H., O. G. Mouritsen, et al. (1990), Biophys J 57(3): 405-12.
Abstract: A microscopic interaction model for a fully hydrated lipid bilayer membrane containing cholesterol is used to calculate, as a function of temperature and composition, the membrane area, the membrane hydrophobic thickness, and the average acyl-chain orientational order parameter, S. The order parameter, S, is related to the first moment, M1, of the quadrupolar magnetic resonance spectrum which can be measured for lipids with perdeuterated chains. On the basis of these model calculations as well as recent experimental measurements of M1 using magnetic resonance and of membrane area using micromechanical measurements, a discussion of the possible relationships between membrane area, hydrophobic thickness, and moments of nuclear magnetic resonance spectra is presented. It is pointed out that S under certain circumstances may be useful for estimating the hydrophobic membrane thickness. This is particularly advantageous for multicomponent membranes where structural data are difficult to obtain by using diffraction techniques. The usefulness of the suggested relationships is demonstrated for cholesterol-containing bilayers.

Relationships between serum cholesterol and obesity: a field study on nutritional background of hypercholesterolemia
Kurata, M., T. Narikawa, et al. (1990), Diabetes Res Clin Pract 10 Suppl 1: S239-45.
Abstract: 1. Serum cholesterol levels in Japan were unrelated to total fat intake and its quality. 2. A significant positive correlation was found between serum cholesterol level and BMI, and the total energy intake was significantly higher in hypercholesterolemic group than in normocholesterolemic group. 3. Hypercholesterolemia seems to occur in the background of accumulation of body fat due to relative excess of energy intake in Japan.

Relationships between serum saturated fatty acids and serum total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol in humans
Nagaya, T., K. Nakaya, et al. (1994), Ann Clin Biochem 31 (Pt 3): 240-4.
Abstract: To investigate the effects of serum saturated fatty acids (FAs) on human cholesterol metabolism, total-cholesterol (T-C), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), T-C/HDL-C ratio, and FA composition myristic acid (MA, 14:0), palmitic acid (PA, 16:0) and stearic acid (SA, 18:0) were determined in serum from 115 men and 120 women (20-70 years old). MA, PA and SA were expressed as percentages of serum total FAs. Using multivariate analysis to account for the confounding effects of age, body mass index, drinking, and smoking it was found that SA was negatively correlated with T-C and T-C/HDL-C ratio in both men and women. In men MA was negatively correlated with HDL-C, and in women SA was positively correlated with HDL-C. Although PA was the major component of serum saturated FAs, PA had no significant relation to any cholesterol indices in either sex. These results suggest that serum MA may aggravate and serum SA may improve cholesterol metabolism, thereby influencing the risk for ischaemic heart disease.

Relationships between subcutaneous fat and muscle distributions and serum HDL-cholesterol
Abe, T. and T. Fukunaga (1994), J Atheroscler Thromb 1(1): 15-22.
Abstract: To evaluate the relationship between human body composition and serum lipids levels, the distributions of subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT) and muscle thickness were evaluated in Japanese 449 males and 542 females, aged from 35 to 77 years. Among males, a significant positive correlation was observed between AT thicknesses and total cholesterol, and negative relationships between the AT and HDL-C as well as HDL-C/TC ratio. Among females, similar but weaker relationships were found for AT at the upper arm and trunk sites. However, the thigh AT thickness was positively correlated with HDL-C and HDL-C/TC ratio only among women. The muscle thickness in the abdomen and the thigh correlated significantly with HDL-C/TC for both sexes. Furthermore, the regional trend observed in both sexes remained significant after correction for concomitant variables such as age, tobacco and alcohol intake. We conclude that it is necessary to evaluate not only total body fat but muscle and AT thickness distributions when evaluating the relationship between body composition and serum lipids and lipoproteins.

Relationships between viscosity of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and plasma cholesterol in hamsters
Gallaher, D. D., C. A. Hassel, et al. (1993), J Nutr 123(10): 1732-8.
Abstract: Dietary high viscosity hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) lowered plasma and liver cholesterol concentrations in cholesterol-fed hamsters. To determine the level of viscosity needed to effect a significant reduction in total plasma cholesterol, hamsters were fed for 3 wk diets containing 0.12% cholesterol and either 4% cellulose or one of four preparations of HPMC that varied in viscosity between 14 and 1698 centipoise (cP), as estimated in vitro. Blood was collected for plasma cholesterol determination, and intestinal contents were obtained by finger-stripping of the excised small intestine. Contents were centrifuged and the supernatant (ex vivo) viscosity determined. In vitro and ex vivo viscosities were correlated (R2 = 0.96). Plasma cholesterol concentrations declined as in vitro or ex vivo viscosity increased. Maximal plasma cholesterol reduction occurred at an ex vivo viscosity of approximately 150 cP. There was a linear relationship between plasma cholesterol and the logarithm of ex vivo viscosity (R2 = 0.98). Our results suggest that materials that increase the viscosity of intestinal contents can be effective in reducing plasma cholesterol and that only moderate increases in viscosity are necessary to achieve this effect.

Cholesterol Articles and Abstracts

Cholesterol Journal Articles