Cholesterol Journal Articles

Record 11461 to 11480

Serum cholesterol levels and mood symptoms in the postpartum period
Troisi, A., A. Moles, et al. (2002), Psychiatry Res 109(3): 213-9.
Abstract: During pregnancy, the total serum cholesterol concentration rises up to 43%, followed by a rapid fall after delivery. Mild depressive symptoms ('postpartum blues') are a common complication of the puerperium and affect 30-85% of women in the early postpartum period. Based on these observations, it has been suggested that the sudden fall in cholesterol levels after delivery could serve as a 'natural model' to test the suggested association between cholesterol and mood. The present study was designed to expand the database concerning the association between cholesterol levels and mood in the postpartum period and to address some methodological problems raised by previous studies. Forty-seven healthy primiparous women were interviewed with a structured clinical interview on two occasions: during late pregnancy (median: day -20 before the expected delivery) and during the early postpartum period (median: day 32 after delivery). On both occasions, serum concentrations of total and HDL cholesterol were measured and mood symptoms were assessed with the state form of Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Index (STAI), the state form of the State-Trait Anger Scale (STAS), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). We found significant, albeit moderate, relationships between serum cholesterol levels and mood symptoms in the postpartum period that were not present during late pregnancy. Lower postpartum levels of total cholesterol were associated with symptoms of anxiety (r=-0.30, P=0.04), anger/hostility (r=-0.31, P=0.04), and depression (r=-0.35, P=0.02), and lower postpartum levels of HDL cholesterol were associated with symptoms of anxiety (r=-0.34, P=0.02). This study confirms that the physiological fall in blood lipids in the postpartum period can be a useful model to test the relationship between serum cholesterol levels and mood.

Serum cholesterol levels and panic symptoms in patients with panic disorder: a preliminary study
Shioiri, T., K. Fujii, et al. (2000), J Affect Disord 58(2): 167-70.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Although some previous research has focused on the relationship between panic disorder (PD) and a high total cholesterol (TC) level, it is still controversial. Recently, researchers have reported the heterogeneity of clinical symptoms in PD and the complexity of the correlations found among them. Therefore, the controversy on the TC level in PD may be due to the existence of clinical subgroups in PD. It is important to ascertain whether or not an elevated TC level in patients with PD is associated with specific panic symptoms. METHODS: In 104 drug-free patients with PD, we examined the relationship between TC level and each of several panic symptoms occurring at the time of panic attacks (PAs), which included anticipatory anxiety, agoraphobia, and 13 panic symptoms based on the DSM-III-R. RESULTS: Stepwise regression analysis revealed a significant effect of the presence of the symptom 'fear of dying' on TC levels. Patients with a fear of dying had a significantly higher TC level than those without it. LIMITATIONS: The relatively small sample size may limit the generalizability of our findings. DISCUSSION: These data suggest that TC level may be associated with panic symptoms in patients with PD.

Serum cholesterol levels and prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in school-aged Taiwanese children and adolescents: the Taichung Study
Lin, C. C., M. M. Lai, et al. (1999), Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 62(11): 787-94.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Atherosclerosis has become one of the leading causes of death in Taiwan. Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for coronary atherosclerosis. To evaluate the mean total cholesterol values and the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in school-aged Taiwanese children and adolescents, an epidemiologic survey was conducted. METHODS: After two-stage sampling of 52 primary schools and 26 junior high schools in Taichung City, we randomly selected 3,924 children (2,070 boys and 1,854 girls). Blood total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol were measured. Response rate was 86.8%. Subjects' ages ranged from seven to 14 years old. RESULTS: From this cross-sectional survey, the following characteristics (mean +/- SD) were documented for boys and girls, respectively: TC, 162 +/- 28 and 165 +/- 29 mg/dl; TG, 74 +/- 33 and 80 +/- 32 mg/dl; HDL-cholesterol, 61 +/- 13 and 59 +/- 12 mg/dl; and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, 87 +/- 24 and 90 +/- 25 mg/dl. The mean TC across all age groups ranged from 149 to 172 mg/dl for boys and 157 to 170 mg/dl for girls. In boys, the TC concentration was highest at age 11 (172 mg/dl), and in girls was highest at age 7 (170 mg/dl). Borderline hypercholesterolemia (TC > 170 mg/dl) was found in 36.5% of boys (13.5-53.1%) and 39.7% of the girls (28.3-48.6%). Hypercholesterolemia (TC > 200 mg/dl) was found in 9.7% of males (3.1-16.6%) and 10.3% of the females (5.0-14.9%). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of borderline hypercholesterolemia was 38.0% for TC and 17.2% for LDL-C, and for hypercholesterolemia, it was 9.9% for TC and 5.8% for LDL-C. The higher TC levels in Taiwanese children were primarily due to higher HDL-C and TG levels.

Serum cholesterol levels and severity of aggression
Hillbrand, M. and H. G. Foster (1993), Psychol Rep 72(1): 270.

Serum cholesterol levels and stressor controllability in rats
Brennan, F. X., R. E. Grahn, et al. (2003), Physiol Behav 79(4-5): 757-60.
Abstract: Whether an organism can control a stressful event is often an important variable determining the impact of the event on physiology and behavior. Numerous behavioral and physiological variables are more adversely affected by uncontrollable stress. The present experiment with rat subjects compared the effect of controllable stress (escape conditioning) or uncontrollable stress (yoked control group) vs. home cage controls on total cholesterol, as well as high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low/very-low density lipoprotein (LDL/VLDL) serum cholesterol. Results indicated that both stressed groups had higher total and LDL/VLDL cholesterol levels than home cage controls. No group differences were observed with HDL cholesterol. The escape and yoked control subjects did not differ from each other in any dependent measure. Results are discussed in terms of the probable mediators of stress-induced cholesterol increases, and the fact that these mediators may be insensitive to stressor controllability.

Serum cholesterol levels and suicidal tendencies in psychiatric inpatients
Modai, I., A. Valevski, et al. (1994), J Clin Psychiatry 55(6): 252-4.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Cholesterol has been generally associated with suicide and aggression. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum cholesterol levels and suicide in psychiatric inpatients. METHOD: Data on age, sex, serum cholesterol levels, absence or presence of suicidal ideations, absence or presence of past suicide attempts, ethnicity, weight, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression scores, and physical illnesses were collected from 584 inpatient medical records. The patients were diagnosed by the authors according to the DSM-III-R criteria. Serum cholesterol levels were evaluated 24 to 48 hours after admission. The entire group and each diagnostic group were divided as follows: patients who had attempted suicide at least once, patients who expressed a suicidal wish or plan during hospitalization or the month before hospitalization, and patients who had neither made suicidal gestures nor expressed suicidal thoughts. Statistical evaluation was done using analysis of variance and chi-square test. RESULTS: Patients who had attempted suicide had significantly lower serum cholesterol than nonsuicidal patients (F = 4.68, df = 2, p <.01). Comparison on the basis of specific diagnoses revealed similar results in age- and sex-matched depressed patients (F = 4.02, df = 2, p <.01), but not in schizophrenic or bipolar patients. These results were not influenced by age, sex, ethnicity, weight, disease severity, or physical health. CONCLUSION: Our findings may imply that an association exists between cholesterol, suicide, and depression.

Serum cholesterol levels and suicidality
Greenberg, W. M. (1995), J Clin Psychiatry 56(9): 434-5.

Serum cholesterol levels and suicide: a further comment
Lester, D. (2003), Suicide Life Threat Behav 33(3): 338-9.

Serum cholesterol levels and suicide: a meta-analysis
Lester, D. (2002), Suicide Life Threat Behav 32(3): 333-46.
Abstract: A meta-analysis was performed on studies exploring the link between low levels of serum cholesterol and increased risk of suicide. Follow-up studies found that those with lower cholesterol levels do have a tiny but statistically significant increased risk of completing suicide. Individuals who have attempted suicide in the past have lower cholesterol levels, especially if they used violent methods for suicide. Cholesterol lowering studies, however, did not lead to a significant increase in completed suicide.

Serum cholesterol levels and survival in elderly hypertensive patients: analysis of data from the European Working Party on High Blood Pressure in the Elderly
Fagard, R. (1991), Am J Med 90(3A): 62S-63S.
Abstract: The relation between serum cholesterol and mortality was investigated in 822 elderly hypertensive patients randomly assigned to treatment with diuretics, with or without methyldopa, or placebo. Cox's proportional hazards model showed that pretreatment serum total cholesterol levels were independently and inversely correlated with total mortality (p = 0.03), noncardiovascular mortality (p = 0.02), and cancer mortality (p = 0.04) during treatment. Total and noncardiovascular mortality were also negatively correlated with pretreatment hemoglobin levels and body weight. All factors being equal, an increase in total serum cholesterol of 2.3 mmol/L was associated with a one-year prolongation of survival. After adjustment for gender, age, pretreatment cardiovascular complications, and systolic pressure, the correlations between serum cholesterol and cardiovascular and cardiac mortality were not significant.

Serum cholesterol levels and their relation to ischemic cardiopathy in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes
Rodriguez-Moran, M. and F. Guerrero-Romero (1997), Salud Publica Mex 39(5): 420-6.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Determine the frequency and relationship between ischemic heart disease (IHD) and serum cholesterol levels (SCL) in non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) of the primary medical care level. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 411 patients from the first medical care level were studied. The sociodemographic profile, SCL and glycemia were determined and conventional ECG was taken. The ST uneveness, ischemic T or pathological Q waves in two or more tappings was considered as IHD. Patients with history of IHD were not included. RESULTS: The male:female ratio was 1.5:1. Mean SCL was 225 mg/dl (in females 240.8 +/- 56 mg/dl and 220.7 +/- 50.7 in males). In 90 patients we identified IHD (22%), with male predominance (0.85:1, F:M). In the stratified statistical analysis the SCL > or = 200 mg/dl and IHD were significantly associated. The frequency of IHD by SCL levels of 200-239 mg/dl was 24.6% (OR 2.04; CI 95% 1.03-4.07, p = 0.04) and 24.2% (OR 1.99; CI 95% 1.02-3.96, p = 0.04) for SCL of 240-300 mg/dl; in patients with SCL > 300 mg/dl, an increase of IHD to 38.7% was observed (OR 3.95; CI 95% 1.52-10.30, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The hypercholesterolemia was one of the most important cardiovascular risk factors in NIDDM, in which SCL > or = 200 mg/dl must be considered strongly associated to IHD.

Serum cholesterol levels are associated with impaired recall memory among older people
Zhang, J., R. E. McKeown, et al. (2005), Age Ageing 34(2): 178-82.

Serum cholesterol levels are underevaluated and undertreated
Danias, P. G., S. O'Mahony, et al. (1998), Am J Cardiol 81(11): 1353-6.
Abstract: We reviewed data from 147 patients followed at a Veterans Administration hospital regarding management of hypercholesterolemia. Less than one half of patients with lipid analysis who met Adult Treatment Panel II/National Education Cholesterol Program guideline criteria for initiation of medical therapy received lipid-lowering agents in 1 year of follow-up.

Serum cholesterol levels as a measure of frailty in elderly patients
Ranieri, P., R. Rozzini, et al. (1998), Exp Aging Res 24(2): 169-79.
Abstract: The authors evaluated the association between serum cholesterol levels and social, clinical, and functional characteristics in 637 elderly hospitalized patients (mean age = 79.1 years, range = 65-97) from the Geriatric Evaluation and Rehabilitation Unit (GERU) at P. Richiedei Hospital in Gussago, Brescia (Italy). Patients consecutively admitted to the GERU during an 18-month period underwent a multidimensional evaluation including information on demographics, cognitive status, physical health (number of chronic diseases and administered drugs), functional disability, and nutritional status. Mean cholesterol levels were significantly lower in men; persons living with others; older individuals; and individuals with cognitive impairment, poorer somatic health, higher disability, and a higher level of malnutrition. Lower serum cholesterol levels may be considered an independent hematologic marker of frailty in elderly hospitalized patients.

Serum cholesterol levels as a risk factor of cardiovascular disease
Horibe, H. (1991), Rinsho Byori 39(5): 501-5.
Abstract: By summing up a series of epidemiological evidence a continuous elevation of total serum cholesterol, especially LDL-cholesterol, leads atherosclerosis and causes the narrowing or occlusion of coronary artery which introduces acute myocardial infarction or angina pectoris in the heart. In the brain, it is a risk factor for cerebral thrombosis. On the other hand, a lower level, 160 mg/dl or less of total serum cholesterol relates with the higher incidence of cerebral hemorrhage or subarachnoid hemorrhage, but still with the lower incidence of ischemic heart disease. It is concluded that the higher the total serum cholesterol level and the longer the period of continuous elevation is, the higher the incidence of ischemic heart disease. And there is a U-shape relationship between the level of serum cholesterol and cerebrovascular disease as a whole with a nadir around 160 to 200 mg/dl which means an optimal range of total serum cholesterol. A subject with total serum cholesterol over the optimal level may need some sort of modification in his daily life, in eating or physical exercise but not necessarily requires any pharmacological therapy.

Serum cholesterol levels during and after Kawasaki disease
Salo, E., E. Pesonen, et al. (1991), J Pediatr 119(4): 557-61.
Abstract: Serum total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations were studied in paired sera from 23 patients (16 boys) with Kawasaki disease (KD) during acute illness and in 35 patients (21 boys) 5.4 to 7.7 years after KD. Total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol concentrations were significantly lower (paired t test, p = 0.0001) in samples taken within 30 days of the onset of illness (3.32 +/- 0.85 mmol/L (128 +/- 33 mg/dl) and 0.54 +/- 0.25 mmol/L (20.8 +/- 9.7 mg/dl) than in the second samples taken 2 to 16 months after onset of disease (4.16 +/- 0.93 mmol/L (161 +/- 35 mg/dl) and 1.24 +/- 0.35 mmol/L (47.2 +/- 13.9 mg/dl). The lowest total cholesterol levels were observed in samples taken 6 to 9 days after the onset of KD (p = 0.019). No correlations were seen between the highest erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, or thrombocyte counts and the acute or convalescent cholesterol levels. In patients studied 5.4 to 7.7 years after recovery from KD, the mean total cholesterol concentrations were still lower than in healthy Finnish children. In girls the HDL cholesterol concentrations were similar, whereas 3 of the 18 boys studied had HDL cholesterol values more than 2 SDs below the mean for healthy boys. There was no correlation between the serum cholesterol concentrations and coronary artery abnormalities. These data lead us to infer that KD does not cause such permanent changes in cholesterol metabolism as to be considered a risk factor for atherosclerosis beyond that caused by the disease itself.

Serum cholesterol levels in a multiracial sample of 7,439 preschool children from Arizona
Freedman, D. S., S. L. Lee, et al. (1992), Prev Med 21(2): 162-76.
Abstract: BACKGROUND. The distribution and correlates of serum levels of total cholesterol were studied in cross-sectional analyses of 7,439 1 to 4 year olds examined through the Arizona Department of Health Services. RESULTS. Mean cholesterol levels increased with age, and levels among 2 year olds approached those seen in adolescents. Racial and ethnic differences in cholesterol levels were observed: mean (age-adjusted) levels were 147 mg/dl among American Indians (n = 622), 153 mg/dl among Hispanics (n = 3165), 154 mg/dl among non-Hispanic whites (n = 3448), and 163 mg/dl among blacks (n = 204). Cholesterol levels were not associated either with obesity, as assessed by relative weight or the Quetelet index, or with breast-feeding during infancy. Very overweight (greater than or equal to 20 kg/m2) 3 and 4 year olds, however, tended to have higher mean levels of cholesterol than did other children. The proportion of children with borderline (170 to 199 mg/dl) or high (greater than or equal to 200 mg/dl) levels of cholesterol varied by race/ethnicity: borderline (high) levels were seen among 14% (3%) of American Indians and 29% (11%) of blacks. The proportions of white and Hispanic children having cholesterol levels between 170 and 199 mg/dl or greater than or equal to 200 mg/dl were midway between those seen among American Indians and blacks. CONCLUSION. Additional information on the interrelationships of lipids and lipoproteins may aid in the identification of children who will be at increased risk for cardiovascular disease in adulthood.

Serum cholesterol levels in African Americans after renal transplantation under FK 506 immunosuppression
Odocha, O., J. McCauley, et al. (1993), Transplant Proc 25(4): 2435.

Serum cholesterol levels in axenic mice colonized with Enterococcus faecium and Lactobacillus acidophilus
Zacconi, C., V. Bottazzi, et al. (1992), Microbiologica 15(4): 413-7.
Abstract: Hypocholesterolemic effect was shown in axenic, mono, bicolonized and conventional mice: the effect was different depending on probiotic properties of intestinal microorganisms. Contamination by Enterococcus faecium CX determined the highest effect: haematic cholesterol level decrease was 16.9% in females and 7.8% in males. In mice contaminated by Lactobacillus acidophilus N5 the decrease of haematic cholesterol levels was less and not relevant in mice contaminated by conventional microflora. Enterococcus faecium CX and Lactobacillus acidophilus N5 strains were able to grow in presence of bile salts, to colonize intestinal tract, to survive at gastric conditions and to assimilate cholesterol (E. faecium more than L. acidophilus). The authors consider the possibility to associate probiotic strains with these characteristics for the health of consumers.

Serum cholesterol levels in carcinoma breast
Sharma, V. and A. Sharma (1991), Indian J Med Res 94: 193-6.
Abstract: A total of 56 histologically confirmed cases of carcinoma breast were analysed in terms of serum cholesterol levels, age, religion and dietary status of the patients. Age-matched controls from the same geographical area were chosen from the relatives/attendants of patients, to rule out the possible influence of environment, socio-economic, cultural and dietary practices. The mean serum cholesterol level of patients was 193.07 mg/dl (+/- 36.39), as compared to 216.32 mg/dl (+/- 30.51) in the controls (P less than 0.001). A significant difference in the blood cholesterol levels between non-vegetarian and vegetarian patients was also observed (P less than 0.001), as also between vegetarian and non-vegetarian patients and the controls (P greater than 0.025).

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